[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"ingredients-en":3},[4,21,34,48,60,73,85,96,108,118,128,138,149,160,170,182,192,203,213,225,236,248,259,269,280,291,302,312,323,334,344,355,367,377,387,399,410,422,432,442,453,464,475,486,497,508,519,529,539,549,559,569,579,589,599,610,621,633,644,654,665,676,687,697,708,718,728,738,748,759,769,780,790,801,811,821,832,843,854,865,876,887,897,909,920,930,940,950,960,970,981,992,1002,1013,1023,1034,1044,1055,1066,1076],{"slug":5,"inci_name":6,"category":7,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":9,"concerns_for":12,"title":14,"tldr":15,"meta_description":19,"updated_at":20},"argireline","Acetyl Hexapeptide-8","anti-aging",2,[10,11],"combo","anti_aging",[11,13],"uneven_texture","Argireline",{"does":16,"for_whom":17,"red_flags":18},"A synthetic hexapeptide marketed as a topical alternative to neurotoxin injections for expression lines.","Those targeting fine lines from repeated facial movement, such as forehead and crow's feet lines.","Effects are modest compared to injectable treatments; safety data in pregnancy is limited.","Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8) is a peptide marketed to soften expression lines by reducing muscle-triggered contraction signals.","2026-07-07T12:24:06.000000Z",{"slug":22,"inci_name":23,"category":7,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":25,"concerns_for":28,"title":23,"tldr":29,"meta_description":33,"updated_at":20},"adenosine","Adenosine",1,[26,10,27],"dry","sensitive",[11,13],{"does":30,"for_whom":31,"red_flags":32},"Smooths fine lines and calms skin by supporting cellular energy and repair processes.","Anyone wanting a gentle, low-irritation anti-wrinkle ingredient, especially in Korean skincare.","Very low risk profile, though at low concentrations effects are subtle rather than dramatic.","Adenosine: the gentle, energy-supporting anti-wrinkle active found in Korean anti-aging skincare — the evidence, effective use, and who it's for.",{"slug":35,"inci_name":36,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":38,"concerns_for":40,"title":36,"tldr":43,"meta_description":47,"updated_at":20},"allantoin","Allantoin","soothing",[26,27,10,39],"acne_prone",[41,42,13],"redness","dryness",{"does":44,"for_whom":45,"red_flags":46},"Soothes irritation, softens rough or flaky skin, and supports healing of the outer barrier.","Anyone with sensitized, irritated, or flaking skin, including after actives like retinoids or acids.","Essentially none; allantoin is one of the least allergenic soothing agents in cosmetics.","Allantoin reviewed by a cosmetic chemist: how it calms irritation, softens texture, and supports skin barrier recovery after actives.",{"slug":49,"inci_name":50,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":51,"concerns_for":53,"title":54,"tldr":55,"meta_description":59,"updated_at":20},"aloe-vera","Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice",[26,52,10,27,39],"oily",[41,42],"Aloe Vera",{"does":56,"for_whom":57,"red_flags":58},"Calms irritation, hydrates the skin surface, and supports minor wound healing.","Sensitive, sun-exposed, and reactive skin, including after procedures.","Contact allergy is possible, particularly with whole-leaf extracts containing latex residue.","Aloe vera: what the leaf gel actually does for skin, the evidence for soothing and healing, and how to use it safely.",{"slug":61,"inci_name":62,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":64,"concerns_for":65,"title":62,"tldr":68,"meta_description":72,"updated_at":20},"arbutin","Alpha-Arbutin","brightening",[10,52,26,27],[66,67],"hyperpigmentation","dullness",{"does":69,"for_whom":70,"red_flags":71},"Inhibits tyrosinase to gradually fade dark spots and even out tone without the irritation risk of hydroquinone.","Anyone targeting hyperpigmentation, post-acne marks, or melasma who wants a stable, well-tolerated brightener.","Considered lower risk than hydroquinone, but pregnancy data specific to alpha-arbutin remains limited.","Alpha-arbutin reviewed by a cosmetic chemist: how it inhibits tyrosinase, evidence versus hydroquinone, and safe pairing with niacinamide.",{"slug":74,"inci_name":75,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":77,"concerns_for":78,"title":79,"tldr":80,"meta_description":84,"updated_at":20},"argan-oil","Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil","barrier",[26,10,27],[42,11],"Argan Oil",{"does":81,"for_whom":82,"red_flags":83},"Softens skin and supplies antioxidants that support elasticity and barrier function.","Dry, combination, and mature skin.","Low comedogenic and allergy risk; rare tree-nut-related sensitivities have been reported.","Argan oil: the vitamin E and fatty acid profile behind its reputation, real clinical evidence, and how to use it.",{"slug":86,"inci_name":87,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":88,"concerns_for":89,"title":90,"tldr":91,"meta_description":95,"updated_at":20},"mugwort","Artemisia Vulgaris Extract",[26,27,10],[41,42,13],"Mugwort",{"does":92,"for_whom":93,"red_flags":94},"Soothes redness and calms reactive skin with traditional Korean herbal antioxidants.","Sensitive, redness-prone, and weather-reactive skin.","Related to ragweed, so those with ragweed or Asteraceae allergies should patch test first.","Mugwort skincare: the calming herbal extract behind K-beauty's redness-relief obsession — what it does and who it suits.",{"slug":97,"inci_name":98,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":100,"concerns_for":101,"title":102,"tldr":103,"meta_description":107,"updated_at":20},"vitamin-c","Ascorbic Acid","antioxidant",[26,52,10,27],[66,67,11],"Vitamin C",{"does":104,"for_whom":105,"red_flags":106},"Neutralizes free radicals, brightens dull skin, and supports collagen production.","Anyone concerned with dullness, uneven tone, or early photoaging.","Pure L-ascorbic acid is unstable and can irritate sensitive skin at high concentrations.","L-ascorbic acid is the most-researched topical antioxidant — stability, the Pinnell trifecta, and how to pick a formula that actually works.",{"slug":109,"inci_name":110,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":111,"concerns_for":112,"title":110,"tldr":113,"meta_description":117,"updated_at":20},"ascorbyl-glucoside","Ascorbyl Glucoside",[26,52,10,27,39],[66,67,11],{"does":114,"for_whom":115,"red_flags":116},"Delivers a stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that converts to active ascorbic acid in skin.","Anyone wanting vitamin C benefits with better formulation stability than pure ascorbic acid.","Conversion to active vitamin C is enzyme-dependent and less potent than direct L-ascorbic acid.","Ascorbyl glucoside is a stable vitamin C derivative that converts to ascorbic acid in skin. Learn its evidence, uses, and pairings.",{"slug":119,"inci_name":120,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":121,"concerns_for":122,"title":120,"tldr":123,"meta_description":127,"updated_at":20},"asiaticoside","Asiaticoside",[27,26,10,39],[41,13,11],{"does":124,"for_whom":125,"red_flags":126},"A triterpenoid saponin isolated from Centella asiatica, studied for wound healing and collagen support.","Sensitive, redness-prone, and post-procedure skin needing barrier repair and calming support.","Generally well tolerated; rare contact sensitization reported with concentrated extracts.","Asiaticoside, a Centella asiatica compound, supports wound healing and collagen synthesis. Evidence, uses, and safe concentrations.",{"slug":129,"inci_name":130,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":131,"concerns_for":132,"title":130,"tldr":133,"meta_description":137,"updated_at":20},"astaxanthin","Astaxanthin",[10,26,11],[11,67,13],{"does":134,"for_whom":135,"red_flags":136},"A carotenoid antioxidant derived from microalgae, studied for reducing oxidative damage and supporting skin elasticity.","Those seeking antioxidant support for photoaging and dull, stressed skin.","Deep red-orange pigment can tint formulations; safety data in pregnancy is limited.","Astaxanthin is a marine-derived antioxidant studied for reducing UV-related oxidative stress and supporting skin elasticity.",{"slug":139,"inci_name":140,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":141,"concerns_for":142,"title":143,"tldr":144,"meta_description":148,"updated_at":20},"colloidal-oatmeal","Avena Sativa Kernel Flour",[26,27,10,39],[41,42,13],"Colloidal Oatmeal",{"does":145,"for_whom":146,"red_flags":147},"Calms itching, redness, and irritation while reinforcing the skin barrier.","Sensitive, eczema-prone, and reactive skin of any age.","Rare oat or gluten-contact allergy — patch test if you have a known cereal sensitivity.","Colloidal oatmeal: the dermatologist-favorite soothing agent for eczema, redness, and barrier repair — evidence, percentages, and pairing tips.",{"slug":150,"inci_name":151,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":152,"concerns_for":153,"title":151,"tldr":155,"meta_description":159,"updated_at":20},"azelaic-acid","Azelaic Acid",[52,10,27,39],[154,66,41,13],"acne",{"does":156,"for_whom":157,"red_flags":158},"Fades post-acne marks and rosacea redness while gently unclogging pores.","Acne-prone and rosacea-prone skin, including patients who are pregnant.","Can cause mild tingling or flaking on first use, especially at higher strengths.","Azelaic acid: the dicarboxylic acid that treats acne, rosacea, and pigmentation — effective strengths, and why it's safe in pregnancy.",{"slug":161,"inci_name":162,"category":7,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":163,"concerns_for":164,"title":162,"tldr":165,"meta_description":169,"updated_at":20},"bakuchiol","Bakuchiol",[26,10,27,39],[11,13,66],{"does":166,"for_whom":167,"red_flags":168},"Delivers retinol-like smoothing and firming without the flaking or sun sensitivity.","Sensitive skin, pregnancy-adjacent routines, and retinoid-intolerant patients.","Data is promising but far thinner than the decades of retinol research — treat with reasonable caution in pregnancy.","Bakuchiol: the plant-derived retinol alternative for smoother, firmer skin without the irritation — how it works and who it's for.",{"slug":171,"inci_name":172,"category":173,"ewg_score":174,"skin_types":175,"concerns_for":176,"title":172,"tldr":177,"meta_description":181,"updated_at":20},"benzoyl-peroxide","Benzoyl Peroxide","active",5,[52,39,10],[154],{"does":178,"for_whom":179,"red_flags":180},"A potent antibacterial that kills acne-causing bacteria and clears breakouts fast.","Moderate to severe inflammatory acne, especially oily and acne-prone skin.","Bleaches fabric and hair, and oxidizes retinoids and vitamin C on contact.","Benzoyl peroxide guide: how it kills acne bacteria, the best concentration to use, and why it shouldn't be layered with retinol.",{"slug":183,"inci_name":184,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":185,"concerns_for":186,"title":184,"tldr":187,"meta_description":191,"updated_at":20},"beta-glucan","Beta-Glucan",[26,27,10,39],[41,42,13],{"does":188,"for_whom":189,"red_flags":190},"Forms a lightweight, breathable film that calms irritation and helps skin hold on to water.","Anyone with a compromised, reactive, or dehydrated barrier, including post-procedure skin.","Virtually none, though yeast-derived versions warrant a patch test in true yeast allergy.","Beta-glucan explained by a cosmetic chemist: how this polysaccharide soothes, hydrates, and supports barrier repair, plus ideal pairings and percentages.",{"slug":193,"inci_name":194,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":196,"concerns_for":197,"title":194,"tldr":198,"meta_description":202,"updated_at":20},"betaine","Betaine","humectant",[26,52,10,27,39],[42,41,67],{"does":199,"for_whom":200,"red_flags":201},"An osmoprotectant humectant, derived from sugar beet, that hydrates skin and supports its resilience to dryness and stress.","Sensitive, dry, or stressed skin needing gentle hydration.","None established; considered one of the least irritating humectants.","Betaine is a plant-derived humectant that hydrates skin and helps cells retain water under environmental stress.",{"slug":204,"inci_name":205,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":206,"concerns_for":207,"title":205,"tldr":208,"meta_description":212,"updated_at":20},"bifida-ferment-lysate","Bifida Ferment Lysate",[26,27,10],[41,42,11],{"does":209,"for_whom":210,"red_flags":211},"Strengthens the skin barrier and calms sensitivity using fermented probiotic filtrate.","Compromised, sensitive, or barrier-stressed skin, including post-procedure recovery.","Minimal risk, but as a fermentation product it's best patch tested by those with fragrance or ferment sensitivities.","Bifida ferment lysate: the fermented probiotic filtrate that helps rebuild a stressed skin barrier — the evidence and who it's for.",{"slug":214,"inci_name":215,"category":216,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":217,"concerns_for":218,"title":219,"tldr":220,"meta_description":224,"updated_at":20},"tinosorb-s","Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine","sunscreen",[26,52,10,27],[13],"Tinosorb S",{"does":221,"for_whom":222,"red_flags":223},"Provides broad-spectrum UVA and UVB absorption while remaining highly photostable.","Anyone wanting reliable, long-wearing sun protection, especially in combination formulas.","Not approved in US OTC monograph sunscreens, though widely used elsewhere.","Tinosorb S (bemotrizinol) is a photostable broad-spectrum UV filter widely used outside the US. See how it works and who it suits.",{"slug":226,"inci_name":227,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":228,"concerns_for":229,"title":227,"tldr":231,"meta_description":235,"updated_at":20},"bisabolol","Bisabolol",[27,26,10,39],[41,230,42],"irritation",{"does":232,"for_whom":233,"red_flags":234},"A chamomile-derived terpene alcohol used to calm irritation and support a more comfortable skin barrier.","Sensitive, reactive, or post-procedure skin needing a lightweight calming ingredient.","Fragrance-related sensitization is rare but possible in highly reactive individuals.","Bisabolol: how this chamomile-derived compound soothes irritation, evidence behind it, and how to use it safely.",{"slug":237,"inci_name":238,"category":216,"ewg_score":239,"skin_types":240,"concerns_for":241,"title":242,"tldr":243,"meta_description":247,"updated_at":20},"avobenzone","Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane",6,[26,52,10],[13],"Avobenzone",{"does":244,"for_whom":245,"red_flags":246},"Absorbs UVA1 radiation broadly, offering the deepest UVA coverage among common organic filters.","Anyone needing strong UVA protection, typically combined with photostabilizers.","Degrades on UV exposure unless stabilized and has raised systemic-absorption questions under study.","Avobenzone is a chemical UV filter offering strong UVA1 protection. Learn how it works, its evidence base, and formulation caveats.",{"slug":249,"inci_name":250,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":251,"concerns_for":252,"title":253,"tldr":254,"meta_description":258,"updated_at":20},"shea-butter","Butyrospermum Parkii Butter",[26,27],[42,41],"Shea Butter",{"does":255,"for_whom":256,"red_flags":257},"Delivers intense emollient moisture and helps calm dry, irritated skin.","Dry, very dry, and sensitive skin, including eczema-prone skin.","Rich texture can be comedogenic for acne-prone or very oily skin.","Shea butter: the fatty acid profile and evidence behind this classic emollient, plus who benefits most and who should avoid it.",{"slug":260,"inci_name":261,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":262,"concerns_for":263,"title":261,"tldr":264,"meta_description":268,"updated_at":20},"caffeine","Caffeine",[52,10,26,27],[11,67,41],{"does":265,"for_whom":266,"red_flags":267},"A stimulant antioxidant that constricts blood vessels and helps reduce puffiness, redness, and photoaging markers.","Anyone targeting under-eye puffiness, dullness, or looking for lightweight daily antioxidant protection.","Effects on puffiness are temporary; minimal risk profile overall.","Caffeine in skincare reduces puffiness and redness via vasoconstriction and offers antioxidant, anti-aging support. Evidence and uses.",{"slug":270,"inci_name":271,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":272,"concerns_for":273,"title":274,"tldr":275,"meta_description":279,"updated_at":20},"calendula","Calendula Officinalis Extract",[27,26,10,39],[41,230,42],"Calendula",{"does":276,"for_whom":277,"red_flags":278},"A marigold-derived botanical extract traditionally used to soothe irritated skin and support wound healing.","Sensitive, dry, or irritated skin, including minor cuts, sunburn, and post-procedure recovery.","Those with Asteraceae\u002Fragweed family allergies may react to calendula.","Calendula: traditional use, evidence for soothing and wound healing, and safe ways to combine it in a routine.",{"slug":281,"inci_name":282,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":283,"concerns_for":284,"title":285,"tldr":286,"meta_description":290,"updated_at":20},"egcg","Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract",[52,10,27,39],[41,154,11,67],"EGCG (Green Tea)",{"does":287,"for_whom":288,"red_flags":289},"The main polyphenol in green tea, delivering strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.","Oily, acne-prone, and redness-prone skin wanting calming antioxidant support.","Highly unstable once exposed to light and air — needs airtight, opaque packaging.","EGCG (green tea extract) explained: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits for acne and redness, stability issues, and pairing tips.",{"slug":292,"inci_name":293,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":294,"concerns_for":295,"title":296,"tldr":297,"meta_description":301,"updated_at":20},"centella-asiatica","Centella Asiatica Extract",[26,52,10,27,39],[41,13,42],"Centella Asiatica",{"does":298,"for_whom":299,"red_flags":300},"Calms redness and inflammation while supporting collagen synthesis and wound healing.","Reactive, redness-prone, and post-procedure skin especially, but broadly well tolerated.","Oral use during pregnancy is discouraged; topical use lacks robust pregnancy-specific safety data.","Centella asiatica (cica) is the backbone of Korean soothing skincare — its calming triterpenes and where the evidence actually stands.",{"slug":303,"inci_name":293,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":304,"concerns_for":305,"title":306,"tldr":307,"meta_description":311,"updated_at":20},"gotu-kola",[27,26,10,39],[41,13,42],"Gotu Kola",{"does":308,"for_whom":309,"red_flags":310},"Calms redness and irritation while supporting collagen synthesis and wound healing.","Reactive, post-procedure, or scar-prone skin needing repair support.","Shares its botanical source with Centella Asiatica extract — check labels to avoid redundant layering.","Gotu kola (Centella Asiatica): the wound-healing, redness-calming botanical backed by decades of research — how it works and who it's for.",{"slug":313,"inci_name":314,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":315,"concerns_for":316,"title":317,"tldr":318,"meta_description":322,"updated_at":20},"ceramides","Ceramide NP",[26,10,27,39],[42,41,11],"Ceramides",{"does":319,"for_whom":320,"red_flags":321},"Replenishes the lipids that hold the skin barrier together, locking in moisture and blocking irritants.","Dry, sensitive, eczema-prone, or barrier-compromised skin of any age.","Essentially none — one of the safest, most broadly tolerated categories in skincare.","Ceramides make up roughly half the lipids in your skin barrier — why they're essential, not optional, in a real routine.",{"slug":324,"inci_name":325,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":326,"concerns_for":327,"title":328,"tldr":329,"meta_description":333,"updated_at":20},"chamomile","Chamomilla Recutita Extract",[27,26,10,39],[41,230,42],"Chamomile",{"does":330,"for_whom":331,"red_flags":332},"A classic calming botanical extract that reduces redness and supports comfort in irritated skin.","Sensitive, reactive, or easily inflamed skin, and formulations aimed at soothing after sun exposure or actives.","Asteraceae\u002Fragweed family allergy sufferers may react to chamomile.","Chamomile: how this botanical soothes irritated skin, the evidence for it, and how it fits into a calming routine.",{"slug":335,"inci_name":336,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":337,"concerns_for":338,"title":336,"tldr":339,"meta_description":343,"updated_at":20},"cholesterol","Cholesterol",[26,27,10],[42,41,11],{"does":340,"for_whom":341,"red_flags":342},"A key lipid that, alongside ceramides and fatty acids, rebuilds and reinforces the skin barrier.","Dry, barrier-compromised, or sensitive skin, and anyone recovering from over-exfoliation or eczema flares.","Rarely sourced as vegan (typically animal- or wool-derived, e.g. from lanolin), though synthetic\u002Fphytosterol-derived versions exist.","Cholesterol in skincare: its role in the ceramide-fatty-acid-cholesterol barrier trio, evidence, and how to use it.",{"slug":345,"inci_name":346,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":348,"concerns_for":349,"title":346,"tldr":350,"meta_description":354,"updated_at":20},"citric-acid","Citric Acid","exfoliant",[52,10,39],[67,13,66],{"does":351,"for_whom":352,"red_flags":353},"A citrus-derived AHA that exfoliates the surface and adjusts formula pH.","Oily and combination skin wanting mild resurfacing and brighter tone.","Higher strengths sting and can compromise the barrier if overused.","Citric acid explained: how this AHA exfoliates, adjusts pH, and brightens skin, plus safe percentages and what to avoid pairing it with.",{"slug":356,"inci_name":357,"category":7,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":359,"concerns_for":360,"title":361,"tldr":362,"meta_description":366,"updated_at":20},"ghk-cu","Copper Tripeptide-1",3,[26,10,11],[11,13,67],"Copper Peptides (GHK-Cu)",{"does":363,"for_whom":364,"red_flags":365},"A copper-binding tripeptide studied for stimulating collagen production and supporting wound healing and skin firmness.","Those targeting fine lines, loss of firmness, or general anti-aging support.","Can oxidize and destabilize vitamin C and other antioxidants when layered directly; caution in pregnancy due to limited topical data.","GHK-Cu (copper peptides) is an anti-aging tripeptide studied for boosting collagen, elastin, and wound healing.",{"slug":368,"inci_name":369,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":370,"concerns_for":371,"title":369,"tldr":372,"meta_description":376,"updated_at":20},"ectoin","Ectoin",[26,27,10],[42,41,11],{"does":373,"for_whom":374,"red_flags":375},"Protects skin cells from environmental stress and locks in moisture at a cellular level.","Sensitive, stressed, or environmentally exposed skin needing extra protection.","Premium ingredient — often underdosed in budget formulas below the studied threshold.","Ectoin: the microbe-derived extremolyte that shields skin cells from stress and locks in hydration — the evidence and how to use it.",{"slug":378,"inci_name":379,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":380,"concerns_for":381,"title":379,"tldr":382,"meta_description":386,"updated_at":20},"ferulic-acid","Ferulic Acid",[26,52,10,27,39],[11,66,67],{"does":383,"for_whom":384,"red_flags":385},"Neutralizes free radicals and dramatically boosts the stability and potency of vitamin C.","Anyone using a vitamin C serum who wants it to actually stay active in the bottle and on skin.","Rarely used alone — its real value shows up in combination formulas.","Ferulic acid: the antioxidant that stabilizes vitamin C and vitamin E and doubles their photoprotection — the science, explained.",{"slug":388,"inci_name":389,"category":99,"ewg_score":390,"skin_types":391,"concerns_for":392,"title":393,"tldr":394,"meta_description":398,"updated_at":20},"fullerene","Fullerenes",4,[10,52,26],[11,67],"Fullerene",{"does":395,"for_whom":396,"red_flags":397},"A carbon-cage nanomaterial studied as a potent free-radical scavenger for anti-aging formulations.","Those seeking advanced antioxidant support for photoaging and environmental stress.","Nanomaterial safety and long-term data are still being established; used at very low concentrations.","Fullerene (C60) is a carbon-based antioxidant studied for free-radical scavenging and anti-aging skincare benefits.",{"slug":400,"inci_name":401,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":402,"concerns_for":403,"title":404,"tldr":405,"meta_description":409,"updated_at":20},"galactomyces","Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate",[26,52,10,27],[67,13,66,11],"Galactomyces Ferment",{"does":406,"for_whom":407,"red_flags":408},"A yeast fermentation filtrate rich in vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, used to improve tone, texture, and radiance.","Dull, uneven-textured skin, popularized through Japanese and Korean fermented-skincare traditions.","Ferment metabolites vary by batch; patch testing is advised for reactive skin.","Galactomyces ferment filtrate: origins in sake fermentation, evidence for radiance and texture, and how it fits a routine.",{"slug":411,"inci_name":412,"category":347,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":413,"concerns_for":414,"title":416,"tldr":417,"meta_description":421,"updated_at":20},"gluconolactone","Gluconolactone",[26,27,10,39],[13,67,415],"enlarged_pores","PHA (Gluconolactone)",{"does":418,"for_whom":419,"red_flags":420},"Exfoliates gently while hydrating, making it the mildest chemical exfoliant available.","Sensitive skin, rosacea, or anyone who reacts poorly to AHAs and BHAs.","Minimal — it's one of the lowest-irritation actives in this category.","Gluconolactone (PHA): the gentlest chemical exfoliant, ideal for sensitive and reactive skin — how it works and how to use it.",{"slug":423,"inci_name":424,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":425,"concerns_for":426,"title":424,"tldr":427,"meta_description":431,"updated_at":20},"glutathione","Glutathione",[26,52,10,27],[66,67,11],{"does":428,"for_whom":429,"red_flags":430},"A tripeptide antioxidant studied for lightening overall skin tone and buffering oxidative stress.","People targeting dullness or diffuse pigmentation who want an antioxidant-forward brightening approach.","Oral high-dose use for skin lightening is medically debated; topical evidence is preliminary.","Glutathione: how this antioxidant tripeptide affects skin tone, what the evidence shows, and how to use it topically.",{"slug":433,"inci_name":434,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":435,"concerns_for":436,"title":434,"tldr":437,"meta_description":441,"updated_at":20},"glycerin","Glycerin",[26,52,10,27,39],[42,13],{"does":438,"for_whom":439,"red_flags":440},"Draws water into the outer skin layer and reinforces the barrier that keeps it there.","Every skin type, including reactive and eczema-prone skin.","None established at cosmetic concentrations; sticky-feeling in humid climates at high %.","Glycerin: the humectant behind most moisturizers. How it hydrates skin, real evidence, safe concentrations, and what it pairs well with.",{"slug":443,"inci_name":444,"category":347,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":445,"concerns_for":446,"title":447,"tldr":448,"meta_description":452,"updated_at":20},"glycolic-acid","Glycolic Acid",[52,10],[13,67,66,415],"Glycolic Acid (AHA)",{"does":449,"for_whom":450,"red_flags":451},"Dissolves the bonds between dead skin cells for smoother texture and brighter tone.","Oily and combination skin dealing with dullness, texture, or mild sun damage.","Increases sun sensitivity; smallest molecular size among AHAs means it penetrates deepest and irritates most easily.","Glycolic acid is the smallest, most-penetrating AHA — effective concentrations, sun-sensitivity risk, and safe layering rules.",{"slug":454,"inci_name":455,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":456,"concerns_for":457,"title":458,"tldr":459,"meta_description":463,"updated_at":20},"licorice-root","Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract",[10,27,26,52],[66,41,67],"Licorice Root",{"does":460,"for_whom":461,"red_flags":462},"Inhibits tyrosinase to fade discoloration while calming inflammation-driven redness.","Anyone managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, or reactive, redness-prone skin.","Topical use is generally low-risk, but oral licorice during pregnancy is a separate concern — discuss with your OB if uncertain.","Licorice root extract reviewed by a cosmetic chemist: how glabridin brightens skin, evidence for melasma, and how to pair it safely.",{"slug":465,"inci_name":466,"category":37,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":467,"concerns_for":468,"title":469,"tldr":470,"meta_description":474,"updated_at":20},"witch-hazel","Hamamelis Virginiana Water",[52,10,27],[415,41],"Witch Hazel",{"does":471,"for_whom":472,"red_flags":473},"Tightens the look of pores, reduces oil, and calms mild inflammation.","Oily and combination skin looking for a lightweight, plant-derived toner ingredient.","Alcohol-based (distilled) versions can be drying and irritating with frequent use.","Witch hazel: how this plant astringent affects oily and sensitive skin, the evidence, and which formulations to avoid.",{"slug":476,"inci_name":477,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":478,"concerns_for":479,"title":480,"tldr":481,"meta_description":485,"updated_at":20},"sea-buckthorn","Hippophae Rhamnoides Oil",[26,10,27],[42,67,41,11],"Sea Buckthorn",{"does":482,"for_whom":483,"red_flags":484},"A carotenoid- and fatty-acid-rich oil that supports antioxidant defense and skin barrier repair.","Dry, dull, or environmentally stressed skin looking for nourishing antioxidant support.","Deep orange pigment can temporarily stain skin or fabric if used undiluted.","Sea buckthorn oil is rich in carotenoids and omega fatty acids that support skin barrier repair and antioxidant defense.",{"slug":487,"inci_name":488,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":489,"concerns_for":490,"title":491,"tldr":492,"meta_description":496,"updated_at":20},"heartleaf","Houttuynia Cordata Extract",[27,39,52,10],[41,154,230],"Heartleaf (Houttuynia)",{"does":493,"for_whom":494,"red_flags":495},"A Korean-skincare botanical extract used to calm redness and support blemish-prone, reactive skin.","Sensitive, acne-prone, or easily flushed skin looking for a calming, lightweight active.","Pregnancy safety data specific to topical cosmetic use is limited; treat as a caution-flagged botanical.","Heartleaf (Houttuynia cordata): evidence for calming redness and acne-prone skin, and how it fits a soothing routine.",{"slug":498,"inci_name":499,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":500,"concerns_for":501,"title":502,"tldr":503,"meta_description":507,"updated_at":20},"collagen","Hydrolyzed Collagen",[26,10,27,11],[42,11,13],"Collagen",{"does":504,"for_whom":505,"red_flags":506},"Hydrolyzed collagen peptides that hydrate the surface and support the skin's own structural proteins.","Dry and mature skin wanting extra plumping hydration.","Topical collagen cannot rebuild dermal collagen directly — its benefits are surface-level.","Collagen in skincare: how hydrolyzed collagen hydrates and supports the skin barrier, and why it can't replace your own collagen.",{"slug":509,"inci_name":510,"category":7,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":511,"concerns_for":512,"title":513,"tldr":514,"meta_description":518,"updated_at":20},"granactive-retinoid","Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate",[26,52,10,27],[11,13,415],"Granactive Retinoid",{"does":515,"for_whom":516,"red_flags":517},"Binds directly to retinoid receptors without requiring conversion, offering retinoid effects with less irritation.","Retinoid beginners or those with sensitive skin who want anti-aging benefits with a gentler onset.","Not recommended during pregnancy; clinical evidence is thinner than for retinol or tretinoin.","Granactive Retinoid (hydroxypinacolone retinoate) is a direct-acting, low-irritation retinoid ester. See how it compares to retinol.",{"slug":520,"inci_name":521,"category":63,"ewg_score":390,"skin_types":522,"concerns_for":523,"title":521,"tldr":524,"meta_description":528,"updated_at":20},"kojic-acid","Kojic Acid",[10,52,26],[66,67],{"does":525,"for_whom":526,"red_flags":527},"Fades dark spots by blocking the enzyme that produces melanin.","Anyone with sun spots, melasma, or post-acne marks wanting a classic brightening agent.","Can be sensitizing at higher concentrations and may cause contact dermatitis in some users.","Kojic acid: the fermentation-derived tyrosinase inhibitor for fading dark spots — effective use, plus the sensitization caveat to know.",{"slug":530,"inci_name":531,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":532,"concerns_for":533,"title":531,"tldr":534,"meta_description":538,"updated_at":20},"lactic-acid","Lactic Acid",[26,27,10,39],[67,13,66,42],{"does":535,"for_whom":536,"red_flags":537},"Exfoliates dead skin cells while pulling moisture into the skin at the same time.","Dry and sensitive skin wanting AHA-level resurfacing with less irritation than glycolic acid.","Increases sun sensitivity — daily SPF is non-negotiable while using it.","Lactic acid: the gentle, moisturizing AHA for dry and sensitive skin — evidence, effective percentages, and what not to mix it with.",{"slug":540,"inci_name":541,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":542,"concerns_for":543,"title":541,"tldr":544,"meta_description":548,"updated_at":20},"lactobacillus-ferment","Lactobacillus Ferment",[26,27,10,39],[42,41,13],{"does":545,"for_whom":546,"red_flags":547},"A probiotic-derived ferment filtrate that supports barrier function and skin microbiome balance.","Dry, reactive, or barrier-compromised skin, and those interested in microbiome-supportive formulations.","Ferment quality and composition vary by manufacturer; not a treatment for active infections.","Lactobacillus ferment: how this probiotic-derived filtrate supports the skin barrier and microbiome, and how to use it.",{"slug":550,"inci_name":551,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":552,"concerns_for":553,"title":551,"tldr":554,"meta_description":558,"updated_at":20},"linoleic-acid","Linoleic Acid",[26,52,10,39,27],[42,154,41],{"does":555,"for_whom":556,"red_flags":557},"An essential omega-6 fatty acid that reinforces the skin barrier and helps normalize sebum composition.","Dry skin needing barrier support and oily or acne-prone skin with a linoleic-acid deficient sebum profile.","High-oleic, low-linoleic plant oils (e.g. some heavier facial oils) may be less suitable for acne-prone skin by comparison.","Linoleic acid: its role in barrier repair and sebum balance, the evidence, and how it fits acne-prone and dry skin routines.",{"slug":560,"inci_name":561,"category":37,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":562,"concerns_for":563,"title":561,"tldr":564,"meta_description":568,"updated_at":20},"madecassoside","Madecassoside",[27,26,10,39],[41,13,42],{"does":565,"for_whom":566,"red_flags":567},"A purified Centella asiatica compound that calms inflammation and accelerates visible healing of compromised skin.","Anyone with reactive, post-procedure, or barrier-damaged skin looking for a concentrated centella derivative.","Rare sensitivity is possible since it is plant-derived; patch test if you have known Centella or Apiaceae plant allergies.","Madecassoside explained by a cosmetic chemist: the purified Centella compound behind Korean 'cica' skincare and its evidence for barrier repair.",{"slug":570,"inci_name":571,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":572,"concerns_for":573,"title":571,"tldr":574,"meta_description":578,"updated_at":20},"magnesium-ascorbyl-phosphate","Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate",[26,52,10,27,39],[66,67,11],{"does":575,"for_whom":576,"red_flags":577},"Provides a stable, water-soluble vitamin C derivative that supports brightening and antioxidant defense.","Sensitive or acne-prone skin wanting vitamin C benefits without low-pH irritation.","Requires phosphatase-driven conversion to active ascorbic acid, which varies between individuals.","Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is a stable vitamin C derivative for brightening and antioxidant defense. See evidence and best pairings.",{"slug":580,"inci_name":581,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":582,"concerns_for":583,"title":581,"tldr":584,"meta_description":588,"updated_at":20},"malic-acid","Malic Acid",[10,52],[67,13,415],{"does":585,"for_whom":586,"red_flags":587},"Exfoliates the skin surface as an alpha-hydroxy acid, often blended with other AHAs for a mild, balanced effect.","Those wanting gentle chemical exfoliation, often as part of multi-acid blends.","Can increase sun sensitivity and irritation, especially when combined with other actives.","Malic acid is a fruit-derived AHA used for gentle exfoliation and texture improvement. See how it works and safe pairings.",{"slug":590,"inci_name":591,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":592,"concerns_for":593,"title":591,"tldr":594,"meta_description":598,"updated_at":20},"mandelic-acid","Mandelic Acid",[27,39,10,52],[66,154,13,67],{"does":595,"for_whom":596,"red_flags":597},"A large-molecule AHA from bitter almonds that exfoliates gently while calming acne-prone skin.","Sensitive and acne-prone skin that reacts to glycolic acid.","Slower results than smaller AHAs, though far less irritating.","Mandelic acid guide: how this gentle, large-molecule AHA exfoliates and fights acne, effective percentages, and pregnancy safety notes.",{"slug":600,"inci_name":601,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":602,"concerns_for":603,"title":604,"tldr":605,"meta_description":609,"updated_at":20},"honey","Mel",[26,10,27,39],[42,67,41,154],"Honey",{"does":606,"for_whom":607,"red_flags":608},"A natural humectant with mild antimicrobial and soothing properties, historically used for wound care and dry skin.","Dry, sensitive, or blemish-prone skin seeking gentle hydration and calming benefits.","Potential allergen for those with bee product or pollen allergies; not vegan.","Honey is a natural humectant with antimicrobial and soothing properties, used for hydration and mild blemish support.",{"slug":611,"inci_name":612,"category":173,"ewg_score":390,"skin_types":613,"concerns_for":614,"title":615,"tldr":616,"meta_description":620,"updated_at":20},"tea-tree-oil","Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Oil",[52,10,39],[154,415],"Tea Tree Oil",{"does":617,"for_whom":618,"red_flags":619},"Reduces acne-causing bacteria and calms inflamed breakouts.","Oily and acne-prone skin seeking a plant-derived alternative to benzoyl peroxide.","Oxidized or undiluted oil is a common cause of contact allergy; avoid on broken skin.","Tea tree oil for acne: how it works, clinical evidence versus benzoyl peroxide, safe concentrations, and who should avoid it.",{"slug":622,"inci_name":623,"category":63,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":624,"concerns_for":626,"title":627,"tldr":628,"meta_description":632,"updated_at":20},"noni","Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Extract",[10,26,625],"dull",[67,66,11],"Noni",{"does":629,"for_whom":630,"red_flags":631},"Delivers antioxidant polyphenols that help fade dullness and support a more even tone.","Dull, tired-looking skin wanting a gentle plant-based brightening boost.","Human clinical trial data is thin — treat claims as supportive, not primary treatment.","Noni (Morinda citrifolia) extract: the antioxidant-rich tropical fruit ingredient for dullness and tone — what's proven and what's still marketing.",{"slug":634,"inci_name":635,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":636,"concerns_for":637,"title":638,"tldr":639,"meta_description":643,"updated_at":20},"noni-ferment","Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Ferment",[26,10,67,27],[67,66,13],"Noni Fruit Ferment",{"does":640,"for_whom":641,"red_flags":642},"A fermented form of noni fruit extract that brightens tone and delivers antioxidant support.","Dull, uneven-tone skin wanting a gentle, fermentation-boosted brightener.","Evidence is largely derived from unfermented noni; fermented-specific human data is sparse.","Noni fruit ferment guide: how fermentation enhances this brightening antioxidant, who it suits, and what to pair it with.",{"slug":645,"inci_name":646,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":647,"concerns_for":648,"title":646,"tldr":649,"meta_description":653,"updated_at":20},"niacinamide","Niacinamide",[26,52,10,27,39],[154,66,415,67,41],{"does":650,"for_whom":651,"red_flags":652},"Calms redness, tightens the look of pores, and rebuilds the skin barrier.","Nearly everyone — oily, sensitive, and acne-prone skin see the biggest gains.","Very high concentrations (over 10%) can cause transient flushing in reactive skin.","Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): the multitasker that reduces oil, fades dark spots, and strengthens the skin barrier — the science, effective %, and who it's for.",{"slug":655,"inci_name":656,"category":7,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":657,"concerns_for":658,"title":659,"tldr":660,"meta_description":664,"updated_at":20},"oligopeptides","Oligopeptide-1",[26,10,27],[11,13],"Oligopeptides",{"does":661,"for_whom":662,"red_flags":663},"Short chains of amino acids that signal skin cells to behave younger — more collagen, better repair.","Anti-aging routines targeting firmness, fine lines, and overall resilience.","Umbrella term — efficacy depends heavily on the specific peptide sequence used.","Oligopeptides in skincare: how short peptide chains signal collagen production and repair — evidence, use, and pairing guidance.",{"slug":666,"inci_name":667,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":668,"concerns_for":669,"title":670,"tldr":671,"meta_description":675,"updated_at":20},"rice-extract","Oryza Sativa Extract",[26,27,10,52],[67,13,41],"Rice Extract",{"does":672,"for_whom":673,"red_flags":674},"A traditional brightening and soothing botanical rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and starches.","Dull or uneven-toned skin seeking a gentle, low-irritation brightening ingredient.","Evidence is mostly traditional and formulation-derived rather than from large clinical trials.","Rice extract: traditional use, evidence for brightening and soothing, and how it fits skincare formulations.",{"slug":677,"inci_name":678,"category":7,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":679,"concerns_for":680,"title":681,"tldr":682,"meta_description":686,"updated_at":20},"peptides","Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4",[26,10,27],[11,13],"Peptides (Matrixyl)",{"does":683,"for_whom":684,"red_flags":685},"Signals skin to produce more collagen, gradually softening fine lines.","Anyone starting to notice early signs of aging, especially dry or mature skin.","Results are slow and cumulative — not a substitute for retinoids in patients wanting faster change.","Peptides (Matrixyl): the collagen-signaling fragments that gently firm skin over time — the evidence, effective use, and what to pair them with.",{"slug":688,"inci_name":689,"category":7,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":690,"concerns_for":691,"title":689,"tldr":692,"meta_description":696,"updated_at":20},"palmitoyl-tripeptide-1","Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1",[26,10,11],[11,13,67],{"does":693,"for_whom":694,"red_flags":695},"A fatty-acid-conjugated peptide fragment of collagen, studied for stimulating collagen synthesis in aging skin.","Those seeking support for fine lines, loss of firmness, and general anti-aging maintenance.","Evidence largely comes from smaller or supplier-associated studies rather than large independent trials.","Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 is a collagen-fragment peptide studied for supporting firmness and reducing fine lines.",{"slug":698,"inci_name":699,"category":7,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":700,"concerns_for":701,"title":702,"tldr":703,"meta_description":707,"updated_at":20},"ginseng","Panax Ginseng Root Extract",[26,10,625],[11,67,13],"Ginseng",{"does":704,"for_whom":705,"red_flags":706},"Supplies ginsenosides that fight oxidative stress and support firmer, more radiant-looking skin.","Anti-aging routines targeting dullness, fine lines, and uneven texture.","Concentration and extraction method vary widely between products, so results are inconsistent.","Panax ginseng root extract for skin: antioxidant and anti-aging evidence, effective use, and what to pair it with.",{"slug":709,"inci_name":710,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":711,"concerns_for":712,"title":710,"tldr":713,"meta_description":717,"updated_at":20},"panthenol","Panthenol",[26,27,10,52,39],[42,41,13],{"does":714,"for_whom":715,"red_flags":716},"Hydrates, soothes irritation, and supports barrier repair by converting to vitamin B5 in the skin.","Nearly everyone, especially those with dry, sensitized, or barrier-compromised skin.","Almost none; one of the safest and best-tolerated ingredients across all skin types.","Panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) explained by a cosmetic chemist: how it hydrates, calms redness, and supports barrier repair at every skin type.",{"slug":719,"inci_name":720,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":721,"concerns_for":722,"title":720,"tldr":723,"meta_description":727,"updated_at":20},"phytic-acid","Phytic Acid",[52,10,27,39],[66,13,67],{"does":724,"for_whom":725,"red_flags":726},"Gently exfoliates and chelates metal ions that trigger dullness and discoloration.","Sensitive and reactive skin that wants AHA-like brightening without the sting.","Weak evidence base compared to glycolic or lactic acid — don't expect dramatic resurfacing.","Phytic acid: the gentle rice-derived exfoliant and metal chelator for dullness and uneven tone — what the evidence actually shows.",{"slug":729,"inci_name":730,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":731,"concerns_for":732,"title":730,"tldr":733,"meta_description":737,"updated_at":20},"phytosphingosine","Phytosphingosine",[26,27,39,10],[42,41,154],{"does":734,"for_whom":735,"red_flags":736},"A skin-identical lipid that rebuilds the barrier and calms acne-related inflammation.","Dry, sensitive, and acne-prone skin needing barrier repair.","Minimal risk; occasionally confused for an exfoliant, but it is not one.","Phytosphingosine explained: the skin-identical lipid that repairs the barrier, calms acne, and pairs with ceramides.",{"slug":739,"inci_name":740,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":741,"concerns_for":742,"title":740,"tldr":743,"meta_description":747,"updated_at":20},"polyglutamic-acid","Polyglutamic Acid",[26,10,52,27],[42,67,13],{"does":744,"for_whom":745,"red_flags":746},"A fermentation-derived humectant that holds up to four times more water than hyaluronic acid and forms a smoothing surface film.","Anyone wanting deeper, longer-lasting hydration with an added skin-smoothing effect.","Essentially none; it is one of the gentlest humectants available.","Polyglutamic acid explained by a cosmetic chemist: how this fermentation-derived humectant out-hydrates hyaluronic acid and pairs into routines.",{"slug":749,"inci_name":750,"category":63,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":751,"concerns_for":752,"title":753,"tldr":754,"meta_description":758,"updated_at":20},"potassium-azeloyl-diglycinate","Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate",[52,10,27,39],[66,41,154],"Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate (PAD)",{"does":755,"for_whom":756,"red_flags":757},"A water-soluble, gentler derivative of azelaic acid used to even skin tone and calm redness.","Sensitive and acne-prone skin wanting azelaic-acid-like brightening without the irritation.","Newer ingredient with less extensive independent research than its parent compound, azelaic acid.","Potassium azeloyl diglycinate (PAD) is a gentle azelaic acid derivative for brightening and calming sensitive, acne-prone skin.",{"slug":760,"inci_name":761,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":762,"concerns_for":763,"title":761,"tldr":764,"meta_description":768,"updated_at":20},"propanediol","Propanediol",[26,52,10,27,39],[42,67],{"does":765,"for_whom":766,"red_flags":767},"A lightweight humectant and solvent, often plant-fermentation-derived, used to hydrate skin and improve texture and absorption of other ingredients.","Skin types wanting a non-sticky glycerin alternative, including oily and acne-prone skin.","Rare reports of sensitivity in individuals reactive to glycol-type ingredients.","Propanediol is a plant-derived humectant that hydrates skin, improves texture, and boosts absorption of other actives.",{"slug":770,"inci_name":771,"category":37,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":772,"concerns_for":773,"title":774,"tldr":775,"meta_description":779,"updated_at":20},"propolis","Propolis Extract",[26,10,27,39],[41,154,42],"Propolis",{"does":776,"for_whom":777,"red_flags":778},"Calms irritation and supports the skin barrier with natural antibacterial resin from bees.","Sensitive, reactive, and acne-prone skin looking for a gentle multitasker.","Those with bee product or pollen allergies should avoid it entirely.","Propolis for skin: the antibacterial bee resin that soothes redness and strengthens the barrier — the evidence and how to use it.",{"slug":781,"inci_name":782,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":783,"concerns_for":784,"title":782,"tldr":785,"meta_description":789,"updated_at":20},"resveratrol","Resveratrol",[26,10,52,27],[11,67,13],{"does":786,"for_whom":787,"red_flags":788},"A potent plant polyphenol that neutralizes free radicals and supports collagen-protective antioxidant defense.","Anyone building an antioxidant-forward anti-aging routine, especially alongside vitamin C or sunscreen.","Minimal known irritation risk, but pregnancy safety data is too sparse to call it definitively safe.","Resveratrol for skin, explained by a cosmetic chemist: antioxidant mechanism, evidence for anti-aging, and how to combine it with vitamin C.",{"slug":791,"inci_name":792,"category":7,"ewg_score":390,"skin_types":793,"concerns_for":794,"title":795,"tldr":796,"meta_description":800,"updated_at":20},"retinal","Retinal",[10,52,11],[11,154,13,66],"Retinal (Retinaldehyde)",{"does":797,"for_whom":798,"red_flags":799},"A fast-acting retinoid, one conversion step from retinoic acid, that speeds cell turnover and rebuilds collagen.","Skin wanting retinol-level results with a shorter conversion pathway.","A true retinoid — expect an adjustment period and avoid entirely during pregnancy.","Retinal (retinaldehyde) explained: how this fast-converting retinoid outperforms retinol, safe percentages, and pregnancy warnings.",{"slug":802,"inci_name":803,"category":7,"ewg_score":239,"skin_types":804,"concerns_for":805,"title":803,"tldr":806,"meta_description":810,"updated_at":20},"retinol","Retinol",[26,52,10],[11,13,66,415],{"does":807,"for_whom":808,"red_flags":809},"Speeds up cell turnover and stimulates collagen, smoothing texture and softening fine lines over months.","Adults wanting to treat photoaging, uneven texture, or acne, who can commit to gradual introduction.","Not for pregnancy; expect an adjustment period of dryness, peeling, or sensitivity.","Retinol is the most-studied anti-aging ingredient — the real evidence, safe concentrations, and why it's not for pregnancy.",{"slug":812,"inci_name":813,"category":7,"ewg_score":174,"skin_types":814,"concerns_for":815,"title":813,"tldr":816,"meta_description":820,"updated_at":20},"retinyl-palmitate","Retinyl Palmitate",[26,10,27],[11,67],{"does":817,"for_whom":818,"red_flags":819},"Provides the mildest, slowest-converting retinoid ester, offering gentle anti-aging support.","Retinoid-naive or very sensitive skin wanting minimal irritation over stronger results.","Weakest clinical evidence among retinoids; not for use during pregnancy.","Retinyl palmitate is the mildest vitamin A ester used in skincare. Learn its evidence, best uses, and why it's weaker than retinol.",{"slug":822,"inci_name":823,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":824,"concerns_for":825,"title":826,"tldr":827,"meta_description":831,"updated_at":20},"rosehip-oil","Rosa Canina Fruit Oil",[26,10,27],[42,13,11],"Rosehip Oil",{"does":828,"for_whom":829,"red_flags":830},"Nourishes dry skin and supplies antioxidants and essential fatty acids that support the barrier.","Dry, dehydrated, and scar- or texture-prone skin.","Highly unsaturated oil that oxidizes quickly; rancid oil can irritate skin.","Rosehip oil: the fatty acid and antioxidant profile behind its reputation for scars and dryness, plus real evidence and usage tips.",{"slug":833,"inci_name":834,"category":347,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":835,"concerns_for":836,"title":837,"tldr":838,"meta_description":842,"updated_at":20},"salicylic-acid","Salicylic Acid",[52,10,39],[154,415,13],"Salicylic Acid (BHA)",{"does":839,"for_whom":840,"red_flags":841},"Penetrates oil-filled pores to clear congestion and calm acne-related inflammation.","Oily, acne-prone, and blackhead-congested skin.","Oral salicylates are contraindicated in pregnancy; topical use in low concentrations is generally viewed as lower risk but should be discussed with an OB.","Salicylic acid is the only oil-soluble exfoliating acid, the go-to for congested pores and acne — how it works and how to use it safely.",{"slug":844,"inci_name":845,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":846,"concerns_for":847,"title":848,"tldr":849,"meta_description":853,"updated_at":20},"willow-bark","Salix Alba Bark Extract",[52,39,10],[154,415,13,67],"Willow Bark",{"does":850,"for_whom":851,"red_flags":852},"A botanical extract containing salicin, a natural precursor to salicylic acid, used for mild exfoliation and blemish control.","Oily and acne-prone skin types wanting a plant-derived alternative to synthetic BHA.","Salicin content varies by extract; effects are milder and less predictable than pharmaceutical-grade salicylic acid.","Willow bark extract contains salicin, a natural salicylic acid precursor. How it exfoliates, evidence, and safe use for acne-prone skin.",{"slug":855,"inci_name":856,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":857,"concerns_for":858,"title":859,"tldr":860,"meta_description":864,"updated_at":20},"marula-oil","Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil",[26,10,27],[42,11],"Marula Oil",{"does":861,"for_whom":862,"red_flags":863},"Provides fast-absorbing emollient hydration with a high antioxidant fatty acid content.","Dry, combination, and sensitive skin seeking a lightweight facial oil.","None well established; generally very well tolerated.","Marula oil: its high oleic acid and antioxidant content, what the evidence shows, and how it compares to other facial oils.",{"slug":866,"inci_name":867,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":868,"concerns_for":869,"title":870,"tldr":871,"meta_description":875,"updated_at":20},"jojoba-oil","Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil",[26,52,10,27],[42,13],"Jojoba Oil",{"does":872,"for_whom":873,"red_flags":874},"Mimics the skin's natural sebum to moisturize without a heavy feel.","Most skin types, including oily and combination skin.","None well established; rare contact allergy has been reported.","Jojoba oil: why its wax-ester structure mimics human sebum, the evidence for skin benefits, and who should use it.",{"slug":877,"inci_name":878,"category":76,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":879,"concerns_for":880,"title":881,"tldr":882,"meta_description":886,"updated_at":20},"snail-mucin","Snail Secretion Filtrate",[26,10,27,39],[42,13,41],"Snail Mucin",{"does":883,"for_whom":884,"red_flags":885},"Hydrates, soothes, and supports barrier repair with a mix of glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid.","Dry, sensitive, or compromised-barrier skin looking for gentle, multi-functional hydration.","Not vegan; derived from an animal secretion, which matters for some ethical or religious dietary practices.","Snail mucin delivers hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins, and allantoin for barrier repair — the real evidence versus the K-beauty hype.",{"slug":888,"inci_name":889,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":890,"concerns_for":891,"title":889,"tldr":892,"meta_description":896,"updated_at":20},"sodium-ascorbyl-phosphate","Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate",[26,52,10,27,39],[66,67,154,11],{"does":893,"for_whom":894,"red_flags":895},"Delivers a stable vitamin C derivative with additional evidence supporting anti-acne and antioxidant activity.","Acne-prone and sensitive skin seeking vitamin C benefits without low-pH irritation.","Like other phosphate esters, conversion to active ascorbic acid depends on skin enzyme activity.","Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a stable vitamin C derivative studied for brightening and acne support. See how it works and pairs.",{"slug":898,"inci_name":899,"category":7,"ewg_score":900,"skin_types":901,"concerns_for":902,"title":903,"tldr":904,"meta_description":908,"updated_at":20},"pdrn","Sodium DNA",null,[26,10,27],[11,67,13],"PDRN (Salmon DNA)",{"does":905,"for_whom":906,"red_flags":907},"A polydeoxyribonucleotide derived from salmon DNA, used in serums for tissue regeneration and skin repair support.","Those interested in regenerative skincare targeting dullness, fine lines, and post-procedure recovery.","Derived from fish sources, so not vegan; long-term topical safety data is still developing.","PDRN (salmon DNA) is a regenerative skincare ingredient studied for tissue repair and anti-aging. Evidence, uses, and safety explained.",{"slug":910,"inci_name":911,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":912,"concerns_for":913,"title":914,"tldr":915,"meta_description":919,"updated_at":20},"hyaluronic-acid","Sodium Hyaluronate",[26,52,10,27,39],[42,13,11],"Hyaluronic Acid",{"does":916,"for_whom":917,"red_flags":918},"Draws water into the skin's surface for an immediate, visible plumping effect.","Anyone with dehydrated skin, regardless of oiliness or age.","Can pull moisture from deeper skin layers in very dry, low-humidity climates if used without an occlusive on top.","Hyaluronic acid holds up to 1000× its weight in water — molecular weight, effective concentrations, and how to layer it correctly.",{"slug":921,"inci_name":922,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":923,"concerns_for":924,"title":922,"tldr":925,"meta_description":929,"updated_at":20},"sodium-lactate","Sodium Lactate",[26,10,27,52],[42,67],{"does":926,"for_whom":927,"red_flags":928},"A natural moisturizing factor (NMF) component and humectant that attracts water to the skin and adjusts formula pH.","All skin types needing hydration support, especially dry or dehydrated skin.","Minimal risk; extremely high concentrations in some formulations can theoretically be drying if not balanced with occlusives.","Sodium lactate is a natural moisturizing factor that hydrates skin and balances product pH. Uses, evidence, and suitability explained.",{"slug":931,"inci_name":932,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":933,"concerns_for":934,"title":932,"tldr":935,"meta_description":939,"updated_at":20},"sodium-pca","Sodium PCA",[26,52,10,27,39],[42,67],{"does":936,"for_whom":937,"red_flags":938},"A natural moisturizing factor component that attracts and holds water in the outer skin layers.","Nearly all skin types looking for lightweight, non-greasy hydration.","None well established; considered one of the gentlest humectants available.","Sodium PCA is a natural moisturizing factor humectant that hydrates skin without heaviness or pore-clogging.",{"slug":941,"inci_name":942,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":943,"concerns_for":944,"title":942,"tldr":945,"meta_description":949,"updated_at":20},"squalane","Squalane",[26,10,52,27,39],[42,11,13],{"does":946,"for_whom":947,"red_flags":948},"A stable, lightweight emollient that mimics skin's natural sebum to soften and protect the barrier without greasiness.","Nearly everyone — from dry, mature skin to oily and acne-prone skin needing non-comedogenic hydration.","Virtually none; one of the most universally tolerated emollients in skincare.","Squalane explained by a cosmetic chemist: why this plant-derived emollient suits nearly every skin type, and how to layer it correctly.",{"slug":951,"inci_name":952,"category":173,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":953,"concerns_for":954,"title":952,"tldr":955,"meta_description":959,"updated_at":20},"sulfur","Sulfur",[52,39,10],[154,415],{"does":956,"for_whom":957,"red_flags":958},"A mineral active with keratolytic, antibacterial, and oil-absorbing properties used to treat acne and oily skin.","Acne-prone and oily skin types, especially those who cannot tolerate benzoyl peroxide or retinoids.","Distinctive odor and drying effect on skin; can cause irritation at higher concentrations.","Sulfur is a mineral acne treatment with antibacterial and oil-reducing effects. How it works, evidence, and safe concentrations explained.",{"slug":961,"inci_name":962,"category":347,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":963,"concerns_for":964,"title":962,"tldr":965,"meta_description":969,"updated_at":20},"tartaric-acid","Tartaric Acid",[52,10,26],[67,13,66],{"does":966,"for_whom":967,"red_flags":968},"An alpha hydroxy acid derived from grapes that exfoliates the skin surface and adjusts formula pH.","Those seeking gentle chemical exfoliation for dullness and uneven texture.","Can increase sun sensitivity and irritate compromised or very reactive skin.","Tartaric acid is a grape-derived AHA that exfoliates dull skin and stabilizes product pH. Uses, evidence, and safe concentrations.",{"slug":971,"inci_name":972,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":973,"concerns_for":974,"title":975,"tldr":976,"meta_description":980,"updated_at":20},"thd-ascorbate","Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate",[26,10,27],[66,67,11],"THD Ascorbate",{"does":977,"for_whom":978,"red_flags":979},"Offers a highly stable, oil-soluble vitamin C form that penetrates the skin barrier efficiently.","Dry or sensitive skin wanting potent vitamin C benefits with minimal irritation risk.","Slightly comedogenic in some formulations; oil-soluble base may not suit very oily or acne-prone skin.","THD ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble vitamin C derivative valued for skin penetration and antioxidant activity. See the evidence.",{"slug":982,"inci_name":983,"category":99,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":984,"concerns_for":985,"title":986,"tldr":987,"meta_description":991,"updated_at":20},"alpha-lipoic-acid","Thioctic Acid",[10,52,11],[11,67,13],"Alpha Lipoic Acid",{"does":988,"for_whom":989,"red_flags":990},"A potent antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and regenerates other antioxidants like vitamin C and E.","Those targeting oxidative-stress-related signs of aging, such as dullness and fine lines.","Can cause stinging or redness in some users; limited pregnancy safety data warrants caution.","Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant studied for reducing oxidative stress signs and regenerating other antioxidants.",{"slug":993,"inci_name":994,"category":216,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":995,"concerns_for":996,"title":994,"tldr":997,"meta_description":1001,"updated_at":20},"titanium-dioxide","Titanium Dioxide",[26,52,10,27,39],[41,13],{"does":998,"for_whom":999,"red_flags":1000},"Physically reflects and scatters UVB and short UVA rays as a mineral sunscreen filter.","Sensitive, reactive, or pregnant skin seeking a well-tolerated broad-spectrum filter.","Can leave a white cast in some formulations and may photocatalyze if uncoated.","Titanium dioxide is a mineral UV filter that reflects UVB and short UVA rays. Learn how it works, evidence, and who it suits.",{"slug":1003,"inci_name":1004,"category":99,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":1005,"concerns_for":1006,"title":1007,"tldr":1008,"meta_description":1012,"updated_at":20},"tocopherol","Tocopherol",[26,10,27],[11,42],"Vitamin E (Tocopherol)",{"does":1009,"for_whom":1010,"red_flags":1011},"A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects skin lipids from oxidative damage and works best paired with vitamin C.","Most skin types wanting antioxidant support, though acne-prone skin should choose lighter formulas.","Its comedogenic rating is formula-dependent — heavier, oil-based tocopherol products can clog pores on acne-prone skin.","Vitamin E (tocopherol): the fat-soluble antioxidant that protects skin lipids and supercharges vitamin C — evidence and how to use it well.",{"slug":1014,"inci_name":1015,"category":63,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":1016,"concerns_for":1017,"title":1015,"tldr":1018,"meta_description":1022,"updated_at":20},"tranexamic-acid","Tranexamic Acid",[10,27,26,52],[66,41],{"does":1019,"for_whom":1020,"red_flags":1021},"Targets stubborn melasma and post-inflammatory marks by calming the pigment-triggering pathway.","Melasma-prone skin and anyone with persistent, hormone-linked discoloration.","Oral tranexamic acid carries clotting risks — topical use is a different, much lower-risk profile, but caution is still warranted in pregnancy.","Tranexamic acid for skin: the melasma-targeting brightener that works differently from vitamin C or arbutin — the evidence and safe use.",{"slug":1024,"inci_name":1025,"category":99,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":1026,"concerns_for":1027,"title":1028,"tldr":1029,"meta_description":1033,"updated_at":20},"coq10","Ubiquinone",[26,10,11,27],[11,67],"CoQ10",{"does":1030,"for_whom":1031,"red_flags":1032},"A mitochondrial antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and supports collagen-producing cells.","Mature and photo-aged skin looking for gentle daily antioxidant defense.","Effects are preventive and cumulative, not a fast fix for existing wrinkles.","CoQ10 in skincare: how this mitochondrial antioxidant fights free radicals and supports collagen, plus effective percentages.",{"slug":1035,"inci_name":1036,"category":195,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":1037,"concerns_for":1038,"title":1036,"tldr":1039,"meta_description":1043,"updated_at":20},"urea","Urea",[26,10,27],[42,13,67],{"does":1040,"for_whom":1041,"red_flags":1042},"Draws water into the stratum corneum and, at higher concentrations, softens and lifts excess keratin.","Very dry, rough, or keratosis-prone skin, including eczema-adjacent conditions.","Can sting on broken or actively inflamed skin, especially above 10%.","Urea is a humectant and mild keratolytic that hydrates dry skin and smooths rough, thickened texture.",{"slug":1045,"inci_name":1046,"category":76,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":1047,"concerns_for":1048,"title":1049,"tldr":1050,"meta_description":1054,"updated_at":20},"grape-seed-oil","Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil",[52,10,27],[42,11],"Grapeseed Oil",{"does":1051,"for_whom":1052,"red_flags":1053},"Provides lightweight moisture and antioxidant polyphenols that help protect the skin barrier.","Oily and combination skin seeking a non-greasy facial oil.","Moderate comedogenic rating may not suit very acne-prone skin.","Grapeseed oil: its linoleic acid and proanthocyanidin content, clinical evidence, and who should use it.",{"slug":1056,"inci_name":1057,"category":216,"ewg_score":8,"skin_types":1058,"concerns_for":1059,"title":1060,"tldr":1061,"meta_description":1065,"updated_at":20},"zinc-oxide","Zinc Oxide",[26,52,10,27,39],[41,154,11],"Zinc Oxide (SPF)",{"does":1062,"for_whom":1063,"red_flags":1064},"Physically reflects and scatters UVA and UVB rays, protecting skin from sun damage and photoaging.","Everyone, including pregnant patients, children, and the most reactive or acne-prone skin types.","Can leave a temporary white or gray cast, especially on deeper skin tones, though modern micronized formulas have improved this significantly.","Zinc oxide is the broadest-spectrum mineral UV filter available — why it's a top sunscreen pick for sensitive, acne-prone, and pregnant skin.",{"slug":1067,"inci_name":1068,"category":173,"ewg_score":24,"skin_types":1069,"concerns_for":1070,"title":1068,"tldr":1071,"meta_description":1075,"updated_at":20},"zinc-pca","Zinc PCA",[52,10,39],[154,415],{"does":1072,"for_whom":1073,"red_flags":1074},"A water-soluble zinc salt that regulates oil and keeps acne-causing bacteria in check.","Oily and acne-prone skin looking to control shine without drying out.","Minimal risk, though very high concentrations can feel tight or drying.","Zinc PCA explained: how this gentle zinc salt controls oil and breakouts, effective percentages, and what it pairs well with.",{"slug":1077,"inci_name":1078,"category":7,"ewg_score":358,"skin_types":1079,"concerns_for":1080,"title":1081,"tldr":1082,"meta_description":1086,"updated_at":20},"egf","sh-Oligopeptide-1",[26,10,27],[11,13,67],"EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)",{"does":1083,"for_whom":1084,"red_flags":1085},"A signaling protein that tells skin cells to proliferate and repair, supporting firmer, more resilient skin over time.","Those focused on advanced anti-aging or post-procedure recovery who want a cell-communicating ingredient beyond peptides.","Long-term safety data on topical recombinant growth factors is still developing; not recommended without professional guidance for pregnancy or active skin cancer history.","EGF (epidermal growth factor) explained by a cosmetic chemist: how this cell-signaling protein works, current evidence, and safety considerations."]