[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"ingredient-peg-100-stearate":3,"glossary-list::en":144,"concern-facets":1070},{"id":4,"slug":5,"inci_name":6,"category":7,"also_known_as":8,"function":11,"safety_grade":14,"comedogenic_rating":15,"pregnancy_safe":16,"skin_types":17,"concerns_for":18,"concerns_against":19,"max_safe_pct":15,"effective_pct":15,"pubmed_ids":20,"conflicting_ingredient_ids":21,"synergistic_ingredient_ids":22,"related_ingredient_ids":24,"origin":27,"vegan":28,"cruelty_free":28,"schema_markup":29,"translations":65,"approved_at":127,"published_at":128,"indexed_at":128,"created_at":129,"updated_at":128,"products":130,"conflicts":131,"synergies":132,"related":136},282,"peg-100-stearate","PEG-100 Stearate","barrier",[9,10],"Polyethylene glycol 100 stearate","Polyoxyethylene (100) stearate",[12,13],"emulsifier","surfactant",2,null,"yes",[],[],[],[],[],[23],159,[23,25,26],156,255,"synthetic",true,{"@graph":30,"@context":64},[31,39],{"@type":32,"author":33,"headline":6,"publisher":36,"mainEntity":37},"MedicalWebPage",{"name":34,"@type":35},"Revelika","Organization",{"name":34,"@type":35},{"name":6,"@type":38,"activeIngredient":6},"MedicalSubstance",{"@type":40,"mainEntity":41},"FAQPage",[42,48,52,56,60],{"name":43,"@type":44,"acceptedAnswer":45},"What does PEG-100 stearate do in a cream?","Question",{"text":46,"@type":47},"It emulsifies — it keeps the oil and water phases mixed so the product stays a cream instead of splitting into layers. It has no effect on skin of its own.","Answer",{"name":49,"@type":44,"acceptedAnswer":50},"Why is it always next to glyceryl stearate?",{"text":51,"@type":47},"The two are sold and used as a pair because their emulsifier balance is complementary: glyceryl stearate is the oil-loving half, PEG-100 stearate the water-loving one. Together they make a stable, pleasant-feeling lotion that neither manages alone.",{"name":53,"@type":44,"acceptedAnswer":54},"Is the 1,4-dioxane concern real?",{"text":55,"@type":47},"The by-product is real; the exposure is the part usually left out. It forms during ethoxylation and is stripped out before the ingredient is sold, and cosmetic-grade material is specified to trace levels. It is a manufacturing control question, not an inherent property of the ingredient.",{"name":57,"@type":44,"acceptedAnswer":58},"Is it safe on broken or compromised skin?",{"text":59,"@type":47},"PEGs raise penetration through damaged skin, and safety reviews have advised against applying them to badly compromised or burned skin. On intact skin, including sensitive skin, this does not apply.",{"name":61,"@type":44,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Is PEG-100 stearate comedogenic?",{"text":63,"@type":47},"There is no reliable rating for it. Comedogenicity depends far more on the finished formula than on a single emulsifier, so treat any number attached to it with suspicion.","https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org",{"en":66,"ru":79,"tr":103},{"faq":67,"tldr":73,"title":6,"content":77,"meta_description":78},[68,69,70,71,72],{"a":46,"q":43},{"a":51,"q":49},{"a":55,"q":53},{"a":59,"q":57},{"a":63,"q":61},{"does":74,"for_whom":75,"red_flags":76},"A nonionic emulsifier — stearic acid with a polyethylene glycol chain attached — that holds oil and water together. It is almost always seen paired with glyceryl stearate, the two of them forming the workhorse system behind most lotions and creams.","Nobody in particular. It is a formulation ingredient rather than an active, and it does its work on the product rather than on skin.","Not an active, so it delivers no benefit of its own. The recurring worry attached to PEGs is 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation — a manufacturing purity question that suppliers control by stripping, not a property of the molecule.","\u003Ch2>How it works\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>PEG-100 stearate is stearic acid that has been ethoxylated — roughly a hundred ethylene oxide units strung on as a water-loving tail, leaving the fatty stearate end oil-loving. That split personality is the whole job: sitting at the boundary between the oil and water phases, it lowers the surface tension between them so that oil droplets stay dispersed instead of separating out. On its own it is too water-loving to build a stable cream, which is why the label almost always reads \u003Cem>Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate\u003C\u002Fem>. The pair covers both sides of the emulsifier balance and gives lotions the body and slip most people expect from them.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The evidence\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>There is nothing to prove about efficacy, because it makes no claim on skin. The relevant literature is safety: the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has assessed PEG stearates as safe in the present practices of use and concentration, with minimal skin and eye irritation in testing. One qualification is worth keeping: PEGs increase penetration through damaged skin, which is why the CIR review has consistently advised against using them on badly compromised or burned skin. On intact skin that caveat does not apply.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Suitability\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Suitable for all skin types, in the sense that it is not aimed at any of them. Contact allergy to PEG emulsifiers is documented but genuinely uncommon; where it occurs it is usually found on patch testing rather than guessed at. If a moisturiser stings, the emulsifier is a much less likely culprit than the fragrance, preservative or active in the same jar.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Concentration\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Typically 1% to 5%, chosen by the formulator to match the oil load rather than by any regulatory ceiling — neither the EU nor the US imposes one. Its concentration is not something a shopper can usefully act on: too little and the cream separates, too much and it feels soapy, and both are the formulator's problem rather than the reader's.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Conflicts & combinations\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>No meaningful conflicts with actives. The 1,4-dioxane question is the one worth answering plainly: it is a carcinogenic by-product that can form during ethoxylation, it is not deliberately added, and it is removed by vacuum stripping before the raw material ships, with cosmetic-grade suppliers holding it to trace limits. That makes it a supply-chain quality issue with a well-established control, not a reason to read PEG on an ingredient list as a warning.\u003C\u002Fp>","PEG-100 stearate explained: what a PEGylated emulsifier actually does in a cream, why it is always next to glyceryl stearate, and what the 1,4-dioxane worry is.",{"faq":80,"tldr":96,"title":100,"content":101,"meta_description":102},[81,84,87,90,93],{"a":82,"q":83},"Эмульгирует: удерживает масляную и водную фазы смешанными, чтобы продукт оставался кремом, а не расслаивался. Собственного действия на кожу у него нет.","Что PEG-100 стеарат делает в креме?",{"a":85,"q":86},"Их продают и применяют парой, потому что их эмульгаторный баланс дополняет друг друга: глицерил стеарат — маслолюбивая половина, PEG-100 стеарат — водолюбивая. Вместе они дают устойчивый и приятный лосьон, которого ни один из них не даёт в одиночку.","Почему он всегда рядом с глицерил стеаратом?",{"a":88,"q":89},"Побочный продукт реален, а вот про экспозицию обычно забывают сказать. Он образуется при этоксилировании и удаляется до продажи ингредиента, а сырьё косметического качества нормируется до следовых количеств. Это вопрос производственного контроля, а не собственное свойство ингредиента.","Опасение по поводу 1,4-диоксана обоснованно?",{"a":91,"q":92},"PEG повышают проникновение через повреждённую кожу, и обзоры по безопасности не советуют наносить их на сильно скомпрометированную или обожжённую кожу. На целой коже, включая чувствительную, это не относится.","Безопасен ли он на повреждённой коже?",{"a":94,"q":95},"Надёжной оценки для него нет. Комедогенность зависит от готовой формулы гораздо сильнее, чем от одного эмульгатора, так что к любой приписанной ему цифре стоит относиться скептически.","Комедогенен ли PEG-100 стеарат?",{"does":97,"for_whom":98,"red_flags":99},"Неионный эмульгатор — стеариновая кислота с присоединённой цепью полиэтиленгликоля, — удерживающий масло и воду вместе. Почти всегда встречается в паре с глицерил стеаратом: вдвоём они образуют рабочую систему большинства кремов и лосьонов.","Ни для кого конкретно. Это формуляционный ингредиент, а не актив: он работает с продуктом, а не с кожей.","Активом он не является и собственной пользы не даёт. Постоянная претензия к PEG — 1,4-диоксан, побочный продукт этоксилирования; это вопрос чистоты сырья, который поставщики решают отгонкой, а не свойство самой молекулы.","PEG-100 стеарат","\u003Ch2>Как это работает\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>PEG-100 стеарат — это этоксилированная стеариновая кислота: примерно сто звеньев оксида этилена, присоединённых как водолюбивый хвост, при том что жирный стеаратный конец остаётся маслолюбивым. В этой двойственности и состоит вся работа: находясь на границе масляной и водной фаз, он снижает поверхностное натяжение между ними, и капли масла остаются распределёнными, а не всплывают отдельным слоем. Сам по себе он слишком водолюбив, чтобы построить устойчивый крем, поэтому в составе почти всегда читается \u003Cem>Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate\u003C\u002Fem>. Пара закрывает обе стороны эмульгаторного баланса и даёт лосьону ту плотность и скольжение, которых от него ждут.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Доказательства\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Доказывать эффективность нечего: заявлений о действии на кожу он не делает. Значимая литература касается безопасности. Экспертная панель Cosmetic Ingredient Review оценила PEG-стеараты как безопасные при нынешней практике применения и концентраций, с минимальным раздражением кожи и глаз в тестах. Одна оговорка заслуживает внимания: PEG повышают проникновение через повреждённую кожу, поэтому обзоры CIR последовательно не рекомендуют наносить их на сильно скомпрометированную или обожжённую кожу. На целой коже это неприменимо.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Кому подходит\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Подходит всем типам кожи в том смысле, что не нацелен ни на один из них. Контактная аллергия на PEG-эмульгаторы описана, но встречается действительно редко, и её обычно находят патч-тестом, а не угадывают. Если крем щиплет, эмульгатор — куда менее вероятный виновник, чем отдушка, консервант или актив из той же банки.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Концентрация\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Обычно от 1% до 5%, и выбирается она формулятором под масляную нагрузку, а не регуляторным потолком: ни ЕС, ни США его не устанавливают. Покупателю эта цифра ничего не даёт: мало — крем расслоится, много — появится мыльность, и то и другое остаётся задачей разработчика, а не читателя.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Сочетания и конфликты\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Значимых конфликтов с активами нет. Вопрос о 1,4-диоксане стоит закрыть прямо: это канцерогенный побочный продукт, который может образоваться при этоксилировании, его не добавляют намеренно, и его удаляют вакуумной отгонкой до отгрузки сырья, а поставщики косметического качества держат его на следовых уровнях. Это вопрос контроля качества в цепочке поставок с давно отработанным решением, а не повод читать PEG в составе как предупреждение.\u003C\u002Fp>","PEG-100 стеарат: что PEG-эмульгатор реально делает в креме, почему он всегда стоит рядом с глицерил стеаратом и в чём суть вопроса о 1,4-диоксане.",{"faq":104,"tldr":120,"title":124,"content":125,"meta_description":126},[105,108,111,114,117],{"a":106,"q":107},"Emülsiyonlaştırır: yağ ve su fazlarını karışık tutar, böylece ürün katmanlara ayrılmak yerine krem olarak kalır. Cilt üzerinde kendine ait bir etkisi yoktur.","PEG-100 stearat kremde ne yapar?",{"a":109,"q":110},"İkisi ikili olarak satılır ve kullanılır, çünkü emülgatör dengeleri birbirini tamamlar: gliseril stearat yağı seven yarı, PEG-100 stearat suyu seven yarıdır. Birlikte, tek başına hiçbirinin kuramadığı dengeli ve hoş dokulu bir losyon verirler.","Neden hep gliseril stearatın yanında?",{"a":112,"q":113},"Yan ürün gerçek; genelde atlanan kısım maruziyet. Etoksilasyon sırasında oluşur ve bileşen satılmadan önce sıyrılır; kozmetik kalitesindeki malzeme eser düzeylere göre şartnamelendirilir. Bu bir üretim kontrolü sorusudur, bileşenin doğasında olan bir özellik değil.","1,4-dioksan kaygısı gerçek mi?",{"a":115,"q":116},"PEG'ler hasarlı ciltten geçişi artırır ve güvenlik incelemeleri bunları ileri derecede bozulmuş ya da yanmış cilde uygulamamayı önerir. Hassas cilt dahil sağlam ciltte bu geçerli değildir.","Çatlamış ya da bozulmuş ciltte güvenli mi?",{"a":118,"q":119},"Güvenilir bir puanı yok. Komedojeniklik tek bir emülgatörden çok bitmiş formüle bağlıdır, bu yüzden ona iliştirilen herhangi bir sayıya kuşkuyla bakın.","PEG-100 stearat komedojenik mi?",{"does":121,"for_whom":122,"red_flags":123},"Yağ ile suyu bir arada tutan noniyonik bir emülgatör: polietilen glikol zinciri eklenmiş stearik asit. Neredeyse her zaman gliseril stearatla birlikte görülür; ikisi çoğu losyon ve kremin arkasındaki temel sistemi kurar.","Özellikle kimseye. Aktif değil formülasyon bileşenidir ve işini cilt üzerinde değil ürün üzerinde yapar.","Aktif olmadığı için kendi başına bir fayda sunmaz. PEG'lere yönelik değişmez kaygı, etoksilasyonun yan ürünü olan 1,4-dioksandır; bu, tedarikçilerin sıyırma ile kontrol ettiği bir hammadde saflığı meselesidir, molekülün bir özelliği değil.","PEG-100 Stearat","\u003Ch2>Nasıl çalışır\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>PEG-100 stearat, etoksillenmiş stearik asittir: suyu seven bir kuyruk olarak yaklaşık yüz etilen oksit birimi eklenmiştir, yağlı stearat ucu ise yağı sevmeye devam eder. Bütün iş bu ikilikte: yağ ve su fazlarının sınırında durup aralarındaki yüzey gerilimini düşürür, böylece yağ damlacıkları ayrışmak yerine dağılmış kalır. Tek başına dengeli bir krem kuramayacak kadar suyu sever; etikette neredeyse her zaman \u003Cem>Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate\u003C\u002Fem> yazmasının nedeni budur. İkili, emülgatör dengesinin iki yanını da kapatır ve losyona insanların beklediği dolgunluk ile kayganlığı verir.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Kanıtlar\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Etkinlik konusunda kanıtlanacak bir şey yok, çünkü cilde dair bir iddiası yok. İlgili literatür güvenliktir: Cosmetic Ingredient Review paneli PEG stearatları mevcut kullanım ve konsantrasyon uygulamalarında güvenli bulmuş, testlerde cilt ve göz tahrişini asgari düzeyde bildirmiştir. Akılda tutulmaya değer bir kayıt var: PEG'ler hasarlı ciltten geçişi artırır, bu yüzden CIR incelemeleri bunları ileri derecede bozulmuş ya da yanmış cilde uygulamamayı önerir. Sağlam ciltte bu uyarı geçerli değildir.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Kimlere uygun\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Hiçbirini hedeflemediği anlamda tüm cilt tiplerine uygundur. PEG emülgatörlerine kontakt alerji belgelenmiştir ama gerçekten seyrektir ve genelde tahminle değil yama testiyle bulunur. Bir nemlendirici yakıyorsa, suçlu olarak emülgatör; aynı kavanozdaki parfüm, koruyucu ya da aktiften çok daha düşük olasılıklıdır.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Konsantrasyon\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Genellikle %1 ile %5 arası; bu oranı bir düzenleyici tavan değil, yağ yüküne göre formülatör seçer — ne AB ne de ABD bir sınır koyar. Alıcının bu sayıyla yapabileceği bir şey yoktur: az olursa krem ayrışır, çok olursa sabunsu bir his bırakır ve ikisi de okurun değil formülatörün sorunudur.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Kombinasyonlar ve çakışmalar\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Aktiflerle anlamlı bir çakışması yoktur. 1,4-dioksan sorusunu açıkça kapatmak gerekir: etoksilasyon sırasında oluşabilen kanserojen bir yan üründür, bilerek eklenmez ve hammadde sevk edilmeden önce vakumla sıyrılır; kozmetik kalitesindeki tedarikçiler onu eser düzeylerde tutar. Bu, çözümü çoktan yerleşmiş bir tedarik zinciri kalite meselesidir; içerik listesinde PEG görmeyi bir uyarı olarak okumanın gerekçesi değil.\u003C\u002Fp>","PEG-100 stearat: bir PEG emülgatörünün kremde gerçekte ne yaptığı, neden hep gliseril stearatın yanında durduğu ve 1,4-dioksan kaygısının aslı.","2026-08-17T00:00:00.000000Z","2026-08-18T03:00:02.000000Z","2026-08-17T16:28:04.000000Z",[],[],[133],{"slug":134,"title":135},"glyceryl-stearate","Glyceryl Stearate",[137,138,141],{"slug":134,"title":135},{"slug":139,"title":140},"cetearyl-alcohol","Cetearyl Alcohol",{"slug":142,"title":143},"polysorbate-20","Polysorbate 20",[145,151,155,160,164,169,173,177,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,213,217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,259,263,267,271,275,279,282,286,289,294,298,302,306,310,313,317,321,324,328,332,337,341,345,349,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,389,393,397,401,406,411,415,419,423,427,431,435,439,444,448,452,456,459,463,467,471,475,479,483,487,492,497,501,505,509,512,515,520,523,528,531,534,537,540,543,548,552,555,558,561,565,568,572,575,578,581,584,587,590,593,597,602,605,608,611,614,617,620,623,626,629,632,635,637,640,643,646,649,652,655,658,661,664,667,670,673,678,681,684,687,692,695,699,703,706,709,712,715,719,722,725,728,731,734,737,741,745,748,751,754,757,760,763,766,769,772,776,779,783,786,790,793,796,800,803,806,810,814,817,820,823,826,829,832,835,838,841,844,847,850,853,858,861,864,867,870,873,876,879,882,885,889,892,895,898,901,904,907,910,913,917,920,924,927,930,933,937,940,943,946,949,952,955,958,962,965,968,971,974,977,980,983,986,989,993,996,999,1003,1006,1009,1012,1016,1018,1022,1026,1029,1032,1035,1039,1042,1046,1049,1053,1057,1060,1063,1067],{"slug":146,"category":147,"title":148,"meta_description":149,"updated_at":150},"111skin","formulation","111Skin","111Skin: the British luxury skincare brand founded by a London plastic surgeon, known for its sheet masks, antioxidant complex and premium price.","2026-08-05T14:31:43+00:00",{"slug":152,"category":147,"title":153,"meta_description":154,"updated_at":150},"3ce","3CE (3 Concept Eyes)","3CE (3 Concept Eyes): the Korean colour cosmetics brand from Stylenanda, known for velvet lip tints, mood palettes and editorial packaging.",{"slug":156,"category":157,"title":158,"meta_description":159,"updated_at":150},"7-skin-method","routine","7-skin method","The 7-skin method: patting several thin layers of a hydrating toner into the skin instead of one heavy layer, then sealing with moisturiser.",{"slug":161,"category":147,"title":162,"meta_description":163,"updated_at":150},"acetone-free-remover","Acetone-free remover","Acetone-free remover: nail polish remover built on milder solvents than acetone — slower to work, but usually less drying to nails and skin.",{"slug":165,"category":166,"title":167,"meta_description":168,"updated_at":150},"acetyl-hexapeptide-8","actives","Acetyl hexapeptide-8","Acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline): a synthetic peptide used for the look of expression lines. Effects are subtle, gradual and cosmetic only.",{"slug":170,"category":171,"title":172,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"acid-mantle","skin-science","Acid Mantle",{"slug":174,"category":171,"title":175,"meta_description":176,"updated_at":150},"acidic-mantle-protection","Acid mantle protection","Acid mantle protection: keeping the skin's slightly acidic surface film intact with gentle low-pH cleansing and fewer active products at once.",{"slug":178,"category":179,"title":180,"meta_description":181,"updated_at":150},"acne","concerns","Acne","Acne: pores blocked by sebum and dead skin cells, often inflamed. Gentle care, one active at a time, and a dermatologist for severe cases.",{"slug":183,"category":147,"title":184,"meta_description":185,"updated_at":150},"acne-cream","Acne cream","Acne cream: an anti-acne active in a richer, emollient base that is gentler on dry or sensitive skin than a gel. Pair it with daily sunscreen.",{"slug":187,"category":147,"title":188,"meta_description":189,"updated_at":150},"acne-gel","Acne gel","Acne gel: a light, fast-absorbing base carrying an anti-acne active, suited to oily skin. Start slowly and always pair it with daily sunscreen.",{"slug":191,"category":147,"title":192,"meta_description":193,"updated_at":150},"acne-patch","Acne patch","Acne patch: a hydrocolloid sticker that absorbs fluid and stops picking. Useful on open whiteheads, but not a treatment for acne itself.",{"slug":195,"category":179,"title":196,"meta_description":197,"updated_at":150},"acne-scars","Acne scars","Acne scars: lasting texture change from dermal damage, unlike flat post-acne marks. Prevention and in-clinic options matter most here.",{"slug":199,"category":157,"title":200,"meta_description":201,"updated_at":150},"acne-skincare-routine","Acne skincare routine","Acne skincare routine: gentle cleansing, one active, a light moisturiser and daily sunscreen — introduced slowly and judged over several weeks.",{"slug":203,"category":179,"title":204,"meta_description":205,"updated_at":150},"actinic-keratosis","Actinic keratosis","Actinic keratosis: a rough, scaly patch from long-term sun exposure. A medical condition — have persistent lesions checked by a doctor.",{"slug":207,"category":147,"title":208,"meta_description":209,"updated_at":150},"activated-charcoal","Activated charcoal","Activated charcoal: a porous carbon in masks and cleansers that adsorbs surface oil. What it can realistically do for pores, and what it cannot.",{"slug":211,"category":157,"title":212,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"actives-rotation","Actives Rotation",{"slug":214,"category":166,"title":215,"meta_description":216,"updated_at":150},"adapalene","Adapalene","Adapalene: a synthetic retinoid for acne that acts on how pores shed cells. How it is used, the adjustment period, and its key safety caveats.",{"slug":218,"category":166,"title":219,"meta_description":220,"updated_at":150},"adapalene-gel","Adapalene gel","Adapalene gel: the light, water-based form of the acne retinoid adapalene. How the vehicle differs from cream, how it is applied, and what to watch.",{"slug":222,"category":147,"title":223,"meta_description":224,"updated_at":150},"aesop","Aesop","Aesop: the Australian botanical skincare brand explained — its aromatic, essential-oil-led formulas and what that means for fragrance-sensitive skin.",{"slug":226,"category":147,"title":227,"meta_description":228,"updated_at":150},"aestura","Aestura","Aestura: the Korean dermocosmetic brand known for ceramide barrier moisturisers — how the formulas are built and where cosmetics stop and medicine starts.",{"slug":230,"category":157,"title":231,"meta_description":232,"updated_at":150},"after-sun-care","After-sun care","After-sun care: cooling, rehydrating and barrier support after UV exposure — what it can realistically do, what to pause, and when to see a doctor.",{"slug":234,"category":147,"title":235,"meta_description":236,"updated_at":150},"after-sun-gel","After-sun gel","After-sun gel: the light aloe-and-water texture used after sun exposure. What is in it, why gel alone is rarely enough, and when to avoid it.",{"slug":238,"category":147,"title":239,"meta_description":240,"updated_at":150},"aftershave-balm","Aftershave balm","Aftershave balm: a leave-on lotion for freshly shaved skin. How it differs from an alcohol splash, what is in it, and what to avoid after shaving.",{"slug":242,"category":179,"title":243,"meta_description":244,"updated_at":150},"age-spots","Age spots","Age spots (solar lentigines): flat dark patches left by years of UV exposure. How they form, which routine steps help their look, and when to see a doctor.",{"slug":246,"category":179,"title":247,"meta_description":248,"updated_at":150},"aging-skin","Aging skin","Aging skin: how intrinsic and sun-driven change affects firmness, texture and tone, which routine steps matter most, and the cautions to keep in mind.",{"slug":250,"category":147,"title":251,"meta_description":252,"updated_at":150},"alastin","Alastin","Alastin: a US clinic-distributed professional skincare brand. What physician-dispensed cosmeceutical ranges are, and how to read them without brand hype.",{"slug":254,"category":255,"title":256,"meta_description":257,"updated_at":258},"allergen-declaration","safety","Allergen declaration","Allergen declaration: why fragrance allergens like linalool or limonene are listed by name after parfum, what the rule means, and what it does not mean.","2026-08-13T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":260,"category":255,"title":261,"meta_description":262,"updated_at":258},"allergen-free","Allergen-free","Allergen-free: an unregulated claim that means different things on different packs. What it usually excludes and why the INCI list is a better check.",{"slug":264,"category":147,"title":265,"meta_description":266,"updated_at":150},"aloe-barbadensis","Aloe Barbadensis","Aloe Barbadensis: the INCI root behind aloe leaf juice, extract and water. What each form means on a label and why raw plant sap is not the same thing.",{"slug":268,"category":157,"title":269,"meta_description":270,"updated_at":150},"aloe-vera-after-sun","Aloe vera after sun","Aloe vera after sun: aloe-based gels used to cool and soothe skin after sun exposure. A comfort step only, not a treatment for a sunburn.",{"slug":272,"category":179,"title":273,"meta_description":274,"updated_at":150},"alopecia","Alopecia","Alopecia: the medical umbrella term for hair loss, covering pattern loss, areata, telogen effluvium and traction. Diagnosis belongs with a doctor.",{"slug":276,"category":166,"title":277,"meta_description":278,"updated_at":150},"alpha-arbutin","Alpha arbutin","Alpha arbutin: a water-soluble ingredient that gradually evens the look of dark spots by acting on tyrosinase. Daily sunscreen is essential with it.",{"slug":280,"category":166,"title":281,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"alpha-hydroxy-acids","Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)",{"slug":283,"category":157,"title":284,"meta_description":285,"updated_at":150},"althea-korea","Althea Korea","Althea Korea: an online retailer shipping K-beauty products from Korea. Where you buy affects authenticity, freshness and which labelling rules apply.",{"slug":287,"category":157,"title":288,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"am-routine","Morning Skincare Routine",{"slug":290,"category":157,"title":291,"meta_description":292,"updated_at":293},"amika","Amika","Amika: an American haircare brand covering shampoo, conditioner, styling and heat protection. Why haircare ingredients matter for scalp and skin.","2026-08-06T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":295,"category":147,"title":296,"meta_description":297,"updated_at":150},"amino-acid-complex","Amino acid complex","Amino acid complex: a blend of amino acids used as humectants for hydration and conditioning. A marketing label — check the actual ingredient list.",{"slug":299,"category":171,"title":300,"meta_description":301,"updated_at":150},"amino-acids","Amino acids","Amino acids: protein building blocks and a key part of skin's natural moisturising factor, used topically as humectants and conditioning agents.",{"slug":303,"category":157,"title":304,"meta_description":305,"updated_at":293},"amorepacific","Amorepacific","Amorepacific: the South Korean beauty group behind brands like Sulwhasoo, Laneige and Innisfree, and a driver of K-beauty routines worldwide.",{"slug":307,"category":157,"title":308,"meta_description":309,"updated_at":293},"amorepacific-mall","Amorepacific Mall","Amorepacific Mall: the Korean beauty group’s official online store, and why buying through official channels makes batch codes and INCI easier to check.",{"slug":311,"category":147,"title":312,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"ampoule","Ampoule",{"slug":314,"category":157,"title":315,"meta_description":316,"updated_at":293},"amuse","Amuse","Amuse: the South Korean makeup brand built around vegan formulation, what a vegan claim actually covers, and how it differs from cruelty-free.",{"slug":318,"category":157,"title":319,"meta_description":320,"updated_at":293},"anastasia-beverly-hills","Anastasia Beverly Hills","Anastasia Beverly Hills: the US brow-led makeup brand, where the brow-first technique comes from, and how to remove long-wear eye products gently.",{"slug":322,"category":147,"title":323,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"anhydrous","Anhydrous",{"slug":325,"category":147,"title":326,"meta_description":327,"updated_at":150},"animal-derived-ingredients","Animal-Derived Ingredients","Animal-derived ingredients: lanolin, beeswax, carmine, silk and more — why the INCI name rarely reveals the source, and how vegan differs from cruelty-free.",{"slug":329,"category":166,"title":330,"meta_description":331,"updated_at":150},"anthocyanins","Anthocyanins","Anthocyanins: the flavonoid pigments behind berry and purple-plant colour, how they act as antioxidants in the lab, and why they are pH- and light-sensitive.",{"slug":333,"category":157,"title":334,"meta_description":335,"updated_at":336},"anti-aging-routine","Anti-Aging Routine","Anti-aging routine: sunscreen, barrier care, an antioxidant and a retinoid — how to build it slowly, and the caveats around irritation and pregnancy.","2026-08-07T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":338,"category":147,"title":339,"meta_description":340,"updated_at":150},"anti-aging-serum","Anti-Aging Serum","Anti-aging serum: which ingredients actually recur on the label, where the step sits in a routine, and why layering several strong serums backfires.",{"slug":342,"category":147,"title":343,"meta_description":344,"updated_at":150},"anti-frizz-serum","Anti-Frizz Serum","Anti-frizz serum: why the hair cuticle causes frizz, how silicones and oils form a smoothing film, and how to apply it without weighing hair down.",{"slug":346,"category":157,"title":347,"meta_description":348,"updated_at":336},"anti-pollution-skincare","Anti-Pollution Skincare","Anti-pollution skincare: what the unregulated claim covers, why cleansing, antioxidants and sunscreen do the real work, and where to stay sceptical.",{"slug":350,"category":166,"title":351,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":150},"antioxidant","Antioxidant",{"slug":353,"category":147,"title":354,"meta_description":355,"updated_at":150},"antioxidant-complex","Antioxidant complex","Antioxidant complex: a blend of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and ferulic acid, formulated to broaden coverage and keep the formula stable.",{"slug":357,"category":147,"title":358,"meta_description":359,"updated_at":150},"antioxidant-serum","Antioxidant serum","Antioxidant serum: a lightweight leave-on step with vitamin C, vitamin E or niacinamide, usually worn in the morning under moisturiser and sunscreen.",{"slug":361,"category":157,"title":362,"meta_description":363,"updated_at":336},"anua","Anua","Anua: South Korean skincare brand known for heartleaf (Houttuynia cordata) toners, essences and cleansing oils aimed at oily, blemish-prone skin.",{"slug":365,"category":171,"title":366,"meta_description":367,"updated_at":150},"apocrine-glands","Apocrine glands","Apocrine glands: sweat glands in the underarms, groin and areolae that empty into hair follicles; their secretion gains odour once skin bacteria act on it.",{"slug":369,"category":157,"title":370,"meta_description":371,"updated_at":336},"aquaphor","Aquaphor","Aquaphor: a petrolatum-based ointment used as an occlusive layer over dry or chapped skin and as the final sealing step in slugging routines.",{"slug":373,"category":147,"title":374,"meta_description":375,"updated_at":150},"aquatic-fragrance","Aquatic fragrance","Aquatic fragrance: the marine, ozonic scent family built on molecules such as calone — a sensory choice in cosmetics, not a skincare benefit.",{"slug":377,"category":157,"title":378,"meta_description":379,"updated_at":336},"armani-beauty","Armani Beauty","Armani Beauty: the Giorgio Armani cosmetics, fragrance and skincare line produced under licence by L'Oréal Luxe, known for complexion makeup.",{"slug":381,"category":166,"title":382,"meta_description":383,"updated_at":150},"artemisia","Artemisia (mugwort)","Artemisia (mugwort): a botanical extract common in Korean soothing skincare; it belongs to the Asteraceae family, so patch test if you react to ragweed.",{"slug":385,"category":157,"title":386,"meta_description":387,"updated_at":388},"as-i-am","As I Am","As I Am: a US textured-hair and scalp care brand known for co-washing cleansing conditioners and moisture-focused curl products for coily hair.","2026-08-09T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":390,"category":166,"title":391,"meta_description":392,"updated_at":150},"ascorbyl-palmitate","Ascorbyl palmitate","Ascorbyl palmitate: an oil-soluble vitamin C ester used mostly to protect oils in a formula; evidence for skin brightening is limited compared with others.",{"slug":394,"category":157,"title":395,"meta_description":396,"updated_at":388},"at-home-microdermabrasion","At-home microdermabrasion","At-home microdermabrasion: consumer devices that buff surface skin cells with an abrasive tip and light suction — gentler than the clinic version.",{"slug":398,"category":157,"title":399,"meta_description":400,"updated_at":388},"at-home-peel","At-home peel","At-home peel: a consumer acid exfoliating treatment with AHAs or BHAs, gentler than a professional peel. Space it out, patch test and wear daily SPF.",{"slug":402,"category":157,"title":403,"meta_description":404,"updated_at":405},"at-home-rf-device","At-home RF device","At-home RF device: a handheld radiofrequency tool that warms skin for firmness claims. Evidence is modest and there are real contraindications.","2026-08-10T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":407,"category":179,"title":408,"meta_description":409,"updated_at":410},"atopic-dermatitis","Atopic dermatitis","Atopic dermatitis (eczema): a chronic inflammatory condition with a weakened barrier and itchy flares. Emollients support care; treatment needs a doctor.","2026-08-05T14:31:44+00:00",{"slug":412,"category":157,"title":413,"meta_description":414,"updated_at":405},"augustinus-bader","Augustinus Bader","Augustinus Bader: luxury skincare brand built around the trademarked TFC8 complex, best known for The Cream and The Rich Cream moisturisers.",{"slug":416,"category":157,"title":417,"meta_description":418,"updated_at":405},"aveda","Aveda","Aveda: US salon hair, scalp and body care brand owned by Estée Lauder, known for plant-derived ingredients and its aromatic essential-oil scents.",{"slug":420,"category":157,"title":421,"meta_description":422,"updated_at":405},"aveeno","Aveeno","Aveeno: US skin and hair care brand built on colloidal oatmeal, widely used in body care for dry, itchy and eczema-prone skin. Read each label.",{"slug":424,"category":157,"title":425,"meta_description":426,"updated_at":405},"avene","Avène","Avène: a French pharmacy skincare brand built on thermal spring water, with minimalist, often fragrance-free formulas aimed at sensitive, reactive skin.",{"slug":428,"category":147,"title":429,"meta_description":430,"updated_at":410},"avocado-oil","Avocado oil","Avocado oil (Persea gratissima oil): a rich, oleic-acid-heavy plant oil used as an emollient in creams, balms and hair masks for dry or rough skin.",{"slug":432,"category":255,"title":433,"meta_description":434,"updated_at":258},"b-corp-certified","B Corp Certified","B Corp Certified: a B Lab certification of a company's social and environmental performance — not a product safety, efficacy or cruelty-free claim.",{"slug":436,"category":171,"title":437,"meta_description":438,"updated_at":410},"baby-hairs","Baby hairs","Baby hairs: the short, fine strands along the hairline and nape — natural, often regrowth, and easily stressed by heavy gel and tight styles.",{"slug":440,"category":157,"title":441,"meta_description":442,"updated_at":443},"baby-skincare","Baby skincare","Baby skincare: infant skin is thinner and still developing, so keep it minimal — gentle cleansing, fragrance-free moisturiser and shade over sunscreen.","2026-08-11T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":445,"category":179,"title":446,"meta_description":447,"updated_at":410},"bacne","Bacne","Bacne: acne on the back, shoulders and chest, driven by sebum, friction and sweat — helped by prompt showering and body washes with acne ingredients.",{"slug":449,"category":157,"title":450,"meta_description":451,"updated_at":443},"baking","Baking","Baking: pressing a thick layer of loose powder onto the face, letting it sit, then dusting it off for a matte, crease-resistant, long-wearing finish.",{"slug":453,"category":147,"title":454,"meta_description":455,"updated_at":410},"baking-powder","Baking powder (makeup)","Baking powder in makeup means finely milled loose setting powder for baking — not culinary baking powder, which is alkaline and not for use on skin.",{"slug":457,"category":147,"title":458,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"balm-cleanser","Cleansing Balm",{"slug":460,"category":157,"title":461,"meta_description":462,"updated_at":443},"banila-co","Banila Co","Banila Co: South Korean beauty brand known for the Clean It Zero cleansing balm, plus base makeup, sun care and everyday skincare formulas.",{"slug":464,"category":147,"title":465,"meta_description":466,"updated_at":410},"bar-soap","Bar soap","Bar soap: solid cleanser. Traditional saponified soap is alkaline, while syndet bars use milder surfactants at a pH closer to that of skin.",{"slug":468,"category":157,"title":469,"meta_description":470,"updated_at":443},"bare-faced-movement","Bare-faced movement","Bare-faced movement: the cultural trend towards little or no makeup, overlapping with skinimalism and the pushback against filtered skin images.",{"slug":472,"category":147,"title":473,"meta_description":474,"updated_at":410},"barrier-cream","Barrier cream","Barrier cream: a rich, occlusive moisturiser that shields skin from water, friction and detergents while slowing transepidermal water loss.",{"slug":476,"category":179,"title":477,"meta_description":478,"updated_at":410},"barrier-cream-for-eczema","Barrier cream for eczema","Barrier cream for eczema: thick, fragrance-free emollients used daily alongside prescribed treatment to protect eczema-prone skin from triggers.",{"slug":480,"category":157,"title":481,"meta_description":482,"updated_at":443},"barrier-first-routine","Barrier-first routine","Barrier-first routine: build a regimen around gentle cleansing, moisturiser and daily sunscreen, adding actives slowly once skin is comfortable.",{"slug":484,"category":171,"title":485,"meta_description":486,"updated_at":410},"barrier-impairment","Barrier impairment","Barrier impairment: when the skin's outer layer loses water more easily and lets irritants in, causing tightness, stinging, flaking and redness.",{"slug":488,"category":157,"title":489,"meta_description":490,"updated_at":491},"barrier-occlusive-therapy","Barrier occlusive therapy","Occlusive therapy: covering skin with an ointment or balm to slow water loss and support repair — the deliberate, clinical relative of slugging.","2026-08-12T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":493,"category":157,"title":494,"meta_description":495,"updated_at":496},"barrier-repair","Barrier Repair","Barrier repair: what to stop, what to replace it with, and how long recovery actually takes before actives can come back.","2026-08-22T03:00:02+00:00",{"slug":498,"category":147,"title":499,"meta_description":500,"updated_at":410},"barrier-repair-complex","Barrier repair complex","Barrier repair complex: the ceramide, cholesterol and fatty acid blend in a formula meant to replenish skin's own barrier lipids and hold water in.",{"slug":502,"category":147,"title":503,"meta_description":504,"updated_at":410},"barrier-repair-cream","Barrier repair cream","Barrier repair cream: a moisturiser combining humectants, ceramides and occlusives to help restore a stressed skin barrier and slow water loss.",{"slug":506,"category":147,"title":507,"meta_description":508,"updated_at":410},"barrier-repair-cream-k-beauty","K-beauty barrier repair cream","K-beauty barrier repair cream: lighter gel-cream textures with ceramides plus centella, panthenol or heartleaf, worn at the end of a layered routine.",{"slug":510,"category":157,"title":511,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"barrier-repair-routine","Barrier Repair Routine",{"slug":513,"category":166,"title":514,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"beta-hydroxy-acid","Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA)",{"slug":516,"category":179,"title":517,"meta_description":518,"updated_at":519},"blackhead","Blackhead","Blackhead: an open comedone that oxidised dark, not trapped dirt — how to tell one from a sebaceous filament, and what actually clears it.","2026-08-20T03:00:03+00:00",{"slug":521,"category":179,"title":522,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"blackheads","Blackheads (Open Comedones)",{"slug":524,"category":171,"title":525,"meta_description":526,"updated_at":527},"blue-light-and-skin","Blue light and skin","Blue light and skin: what visible light really does to pigmentation, why screens are not the problem, and when a tinted sunscreen is the answer.","2026-08-18T03:00:02+00:00",{"slug":529,"category":147,"title":530,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"body-lotion","Body Lotion",{"slug":532,"category":166,"title":533,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"brightening-agent","Brightening Agent",{"slug":535,"category":255,"title":536,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"broad-spectrum","Broad-Spectrum (Sunscreen)",{"slug":538,"category":157,"title":539,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":491},"buffering","Buffering",{"slug":541,"category":171,"title":542,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"cell-turnover","Cell Turnover",{"slug":544,"category":147,"title":545,"meta_description":546,"updated_at":547},"ceramide-ratio","Ceramide Ratio","Ceramide ratio: the barrier needs cholesterol and fatty acids too, and an incomplete lipid mix can slow repair rather than speed it.","2026-08-19T03:00:02+00:00",{"slug":549,"category":147,"title":550,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":551},"chelating-agent","Chelating Agent","2026-08-08T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":553,"category":166,"title":554,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"chemical-exfoliant","Chemical Exfoliant",{"slug":556,"category":255,"title":557,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"chemical-sunscreen","Chemical (Organic) Sunscreen",{"slug":559,"category":147,"title":560,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"clay-mask","Clay Mask",{"slug":562,"category":255,"title":563,"meta_description":564,"updated_at":527},"clean-beauty","Clean beauty","Clean beauty: an unregulated marketing term, what free-from labels really tell you, and why removing an ingredient is not the same as making it safer.",{"slug":566,"category":147,"title":567,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"cleansing-oil","Cleansing Oil",{"slug":569,"category":157,"title":570,"meta_description":571,"updated_at":496},"collagen-banking","Collagen Banking","Collagen banking: the biology is sound, the balance-sheet metaphor is marketing — and the honest version is short, cheap and mostly sunscreen.",{"slug":573,"category":171,"title":574,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"collagen-synthesis","Collagen Synthesis",{"slug":576,"category":179,"title":577,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"combination-skin","Combination Skin",{"slug":579,"category":171,"title":580,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"comedogenicity","Comedogenicity",{"slug":582,"category":179,"title":583,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"comedone","Comedone",{"slug":585,"category":179,"title":586,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":388},"contact-dermatitis","Contact Dermatitis",{"slug":588,"category":255,"title":589,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":258},"cosmeceutical","Cosmeceutical",{"slug":591,"category":147,"title":592,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"cream-cleanser","Cream Cleanser",{"slug":594,"category":179,"title":595,"meta_description":596,"updated_at":519},"crepey-skin","Crepey Skin","Crepey skin: cumulative UV damage and thinning dermis, not just dryness — what topicals can soften and where they stop.",{"slug":598,"category":255,"title":599,"meta_description":600,"updated_at":601},"cumulative-irritation","Cumulative Irritation","Cumulative irritation: why the product that finally stings is rarely the culprit, how it differs from allergy, and why a patch test misses it.","2026-08-24T03:00:03+00:00",{"slug":603,"category":179,"title":604,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"cystic-acne","Cystic Acne",{"slug":606,"category":179,"title":607,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"dark-circles","Dark Under-Eye Circles",{"slug":609,"category":179,"title":610,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"dehydrated-skin","Dehydrated Skin",{"slug":612,"category":166,"title":613,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"depigmenting-agent","Depigmenting Agent",{"slug":615,"category":255,"title":616,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":258},"dermatologist-tested","Dermatologist Tested",{"slug":618,"category":171,"title":619,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"dermis","Dermis",{"slug":621,"category":171,"title":622,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"desquamation","Desquamation (Skin Shedding)",{"slug":624,"category":157,"title":625,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"double-cleansing","Double Cleansing",{"slug":627,"category":157,"title":628,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":491},"dry-down","Dry-Down",{"slug":630,"category":171,"title":631,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"elastin","Elastin",{"slug":633,"category":147,"title":634,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"emollient","Emollient",{"slug":12,"category":147,"title":636,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"Emulsifier",{"slug":638,"category":147,"title":639,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"emulsion","Emulsion (Skincare)",{"slug":641,"category":166,"title":642,"meta_description":15,"updated_at":410},"enzyme-exfoliant","Enzyme 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