[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"ingredient-silymarin":3,"glossary-list::en":160,"concern-facets":1171},{"id":4,"slug":5,"inci_name":6,"category":7,"also_known_as":8,"function":12,"safety_grade":15,"comedogenic_rating":16,"pregnancy_safe":17,"skin_types":18,"concerns_for":23,"concerns_against":27,"max_safe_pct":16,"effective_pct":16,"pubmed_ids":28,"conflicting_ingredient_ids":29,"synergistic_ingredient_ids":30,"related_ingredient_ids":33,"origin":37,"vegan":38,"cruelty_free":38,"schema_markup":39,"translations":76,"approved_at":138,"published_at":139,"indexed_at":139,"created_at":140,"updated_at":139,"products":141,"conflicts":142,"synergies":143,"related":150},314,"silymarin","Silybum Marianum Extract","antioxidant",[9,10,11],"Milk Thistle Extract","Silibinin","Silybin",[7,13,14],"anti-inflammatory","soothing",1,null,"unknown",[19,20,21,22],"normal","combo","oily","sensitive",[24,25,26],"redness","anti_aging","acne",[],[],[],[31,32],8,34,[34,35,36],180,93,25,"natural",true,{"@graph":40,"@context":75},[41,50],{"@type":42,"author":43,"headline":46,"publisher":47,"mainEntity":48},"MedicalWebPage",{"name":44,"@type":45},"Revelika","Organization","Silymarin",{"name":44,"@type":45},{"name":46,"@type":49,"activeIngredient":6},"MedicalSubstance",{"@type":51,"mainEntity":52},"FAQPage",[53,59,63,67,71],{"name":54,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":56},"Is this the same milk thistle sold for the liver?","Question",{"text":57,"@type":58},"The same plant, but that research is about capsules taken by mouth and about the liver. It carries no information about what the extract does when applied to skin.","Answer",{"name":60,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why is it in vitamin C serums?",{"text":62,"@type":58},"It is oil-soluble and stable at the low pH those serums need, so it survives conditions that break many botanicals, and it covers the lipid phase that water-soluble antioxidants reach poorly.",{"name":64,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":65},"Does it clear acne?",{"text":66,"@type":58},"Formulas containing it have reported improvements in blemishes, but those are results for whole products and acne has treatments tested against it. Ask a clinician rather than relying on an antioxidant.",{"name":68,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":69},"Can I use it with retinol?",{"text":70,"@type":58},"Yes. There is no interaction. Whether you use them at the same time or in different routines is a tolerance question, not a chemistry one.",{"name":72,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":73},"Is it safe if I am allergic to ragweed?",{"text":74,"@type":58},"Milk thistle belongs to the same botanical family as ragweed, chamomile and calendula, and cross-reaction is possible. Patch test, and raise a known plant allergy with a clinician.","https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org",{"en":77,"ru":90,"tr":114},{"faq":78,"tldr":84,"title":46,"content":88,"meta_description":89},[79,80,81,82,83],{"a":57,"q":54},{"a":62,"q":60},{"a":66,"q":64},{"a":70,"q":68},{"a":74,"q":72},{"does":85,"for_whom":86,"red_flags":87},"A group of flavonolignans from milk thistle seed, used as an antioxidant that also happens to be stable in the low-pH conditions vitamin C formulas need.","Oily or blemish-prone skin adding antioxidant cover, and anyone who wants a botanical that holds up in an acidic serum.","Almost all the topical human work involves it as one component of a multi-ingredient formula, so its own contribution is not isolated. Milk thistle's fame comes from oral liver research, which says nothing about skin.","\u003Ch2>How it works\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Silymarin is not one molecule but a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from milk thistle seed, of which silybin is usually the largest and most studied fraction. Suppliers standardise to a stated silymarin content, and extracts differ, so two products naming the plant are not necessarily comparable.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Its cosmetic interest is ordinary antioxidant chemistry — scavenging reactive species produced by ultraviolet light and pollution — with two useful formulation properties on top. It is oil-soluble, which lets it sit in the lipid phase where lipid peroxidation happens, and it is stable in the acidic, low-pH environment that L-ascorbic acid serums require, where many botanicals are not.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The evidence\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The plant's reputation comes from decades of oral research on liver injury. That work is about a different route of administration into a different organ, and it carries no information about what happens on skin. It is worth separating deliberately, because packaging rarely does.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The topical record is smaller. There are laboratory studies reporting reduced ultraviolet-induced oxidative damage, and clinical studies on antioxidant serums that contain silymarin alongside vitamin C and ferulic acid, some reporting improvements in blemishes, redness and skin quality. Those are results for a whole formula. What silymarin contributes on its own has not been isolated, and any summary that assigns the result to it is going beyond the data.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Suitability\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Oily and blemish-prone skin, which is where the formulas containing it are usually aimed\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Antioxidant routines, particularly acidic vitamin C serums where it stays stable\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Sensitive skin: it is not an acid or a retinoid and has no adjustment period\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Not a treatment for acne or rosacea — those are clinical problems with tested treatments\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2>Concentration\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Not established for topical use. Published formulas rarely disclose it and the studies do not converge on a threshold, so no figure is given here. The variable that actually matters on a label is standardisation: an extract declaring its silymarin content tells you something, a bare botanical name does not, and the difference between two such extracts can be several-fold.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Conflicts & combinations\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>No documented conflicts. Its usual company is vitamin C and ferulic acid, where the group behaves as an antioxidant network — each member regenerating or protecting the others — and the low pH suits it. Being oil-soluble, it complements water-soluble antioxidants rather than duplicating them. It has no photosensitising effect and no scheduling conflict with retinoids or acids. Anyone with a known allergy to plants in the daisy family should approach it with the same caution they would give chamomile or calendula.\u003C\u002Fp>","Silymarin: the milk thistle flavonolignans used in acidic antioxidant serums, why the oral liver research is irrelevant, and what the topical work shows.",{"faq":91,"tldr":107,"title":111,"content":112,"meta_description":113},[92,95,98,101,104],{"a":93,"q":94},"Растение то же, но те исследования о капсулах внутрь и о печени. О том, что экстракт делает при нанесении на кожу, они не сообщают ничего.","Это та же расторопша, что продают для печени?",{"a":96,"q":97},"Он жирорастворим и устойчив при низком pH, который нужен таким сывороткам, то есть переживает условия, ломающие многие растительные компоненты, и закрывает липидную фазу, куда водорастворимые антиоксиданты добираются плохо.","Почему он в сыворотках с витамином C?",{"a":99,"q":100},"Формулы с ним сообщали об улучшении при высыпаниях, но это результаты целых средств, а у акне есть проверенные именно на нём методы лечения. Спрашивайте врача, а не антиоксидант.","Он избавляет от акне?",{"a":102,"q":103},"Да, взаимодействия нет. Использовать их вместе или в разных схемах — вопрос переносимости, а не химии.","Можно ли сочетать с ретинолом?",{"a":105,"q":106},"Расторопша относится к тому же семейству, что амброзия, ромашка и календула, и перекрёстная реакция возможна. Сделайте патч-тест и обсудите известную аллергию на растения с врачом.","Безопасен ли он при аллергии на амброзию?",{"does":108,"for_whom":109,"red_flags":110},"Группа флаволигнанов из семян расторопши; используется как антиоксидант, который к тому же устойчив в кислой среде, необходимой формулам с витамином C.","Жирной и склонной к высыпаниям коже, добавляющей антиоксидантное прикрытие, и тем, кому нужен растительный компонент, выживающий в кислой сыворотке.","Почти все наружные исследования на людях сделаны на многокомпонентных формулах, так что собственный вклад силимарина не выделен. Известность расторопши идёт от исследований печени при приёме внутрь, а это о коже не говорит ничего.","Силимарин","\u003Ch2>Как это работает\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Силимарин — не одна молекула, а смесь флаволигнанов из семян расторопши, крупнейшая и наиболее изученная фракция которой обычно силибин. Поставщики стандартизуют сырьё по заявленному содержанию силимарина, экстракты различаются, и два средства с одинаковым названием растения совсем не обязательно сопоставимы.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Косметический интерес к нему обычный, антиоксидантный: перехват активных форм кислорода, которые порождают ультрафиолет и загрязнение воздуха. Сверху идут два полезных рецептурных свойства. Он жирорастворим и потому располагается в липидной фазе, где и происходит перекисное окисление липидов, и он устойчив в кислой среде с низким pH, которой требуют сыворотки с чистой аскорбиновой кислотой и в которой многие растительные компоненты не выживают.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Доказательная база\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Репутация растения выросла из десятилетий исследований приёма внутрь при поражениях печени. Эта работа о другом пути введения и о другом органе, и о происходящем на коже она не сообщает ничего. Разделять это стоит сознательно, потому что упаковка так почти никогда не делает.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Наружный массив меньше. Есть лабораторные работы о снижении вызванного ультрафиолетом окислительного повреждения и клинические исследования антиоксидантных сывороток, где силимарин стоит рядом с витамином C и феруловой кислотой; часть из них сообщает об улучшении при высыпаниях, покраснении и общем качестве кожи. Это результаты для формулы целиком. Что вносит сам силимарин, не выделено, и любой пересказ, приписывающий результат ему, выходит за пределы данных.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Кому подходит\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Жирной и склонной к высыпаниям коже — именно на неё обычно нацелены формулы с ним\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Антиоксидантному уходу, особенно кислым сывороткам с витамином C, где он остаётся стабильным\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Чувствительной коже: это не кислота и не ретиноид, привыкания он не требует\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Не лечение акне или розацеа — это клинические задачи с проверенными методами\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2>Концентрация\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Для наружного применения не установлена. Готовые формулы её редко раскрывают, исследования на пороге не сходятся, поэтому цифра здесь не приводится. На этикетке важна другая переменная — стандартизация: экстракт с заявленным содержанием силимарина сообщает вам кое-что, а голое название растения не сообщает ничего, и разница между двумя такими экстрактами бывает в разы.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Сочетания и конфликты\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Задокументированных конфликтов нет. Обычная его компания — витамин C и феруловая кислота, где группа работает как антиоксидантная сеть, участники которой восстанавливают и защищают друг друга, а низкий pH ему подходит. Будучи жирорастворимым, он дополняет водорастворимые антиоксиданты, а не дублирует их. Фотосенсибилизации он не вызывает и с ретиноидами или кислотами за расписание не спорит. Тем, у кого известна аллергия на растения семейства астровых, стоит отнестись к нему с той же осторожностью, что к ромашке или календуле.\u003C\u002Fp>","Силимарин: флаволигнаны расторопши в кислых антиоксидантных сыворотках, почему исследования печени тут ни при чём и что показывают наружные работы.",{"faq":115,"tldr":131,"title":135,"content":136,"meta_description":137},[116,119,122,125,128],{"a":117,"q":118},"Bitki aynı, ama o araştırma ağızdan alınan kapsüller ve karaciğer hakkında. Özütün cilde sürüldüğünde ne yaptığına dair bilgi taşımaz.","Bu, karaciğer için satılan deve dikeniyle aynı mı?",{"a":120,"q":121},"Yağda çözünür ve o serumların gerektirdiği düşük pH'ta kararlıdır; yani pek çok bitkisel bileşeni bozan koşullarda ayakta kalır ve suda çözünen antioksidanların zor ulaştığı lipit fazını kapatır.","Neden C vitamini serumlarında bulunuyor?",{"a":123,"q":124},"Onu içeren formüller sivilcelerde iyileşme bildirdi, ama bunlar bütün ürünlere ait sonuçlardır ve aknenin kendisine karşı sınanmış tedavileri vardır. Bir antioksidana güvenmek yerine hekime sorun.","Akneyi geçirir mi?",{"a":126,"q":127},"Evet. Bir etkileşim yok. Aynı anda mı yoksa farklı rutinlerde mi kullanacağınız kimya değil tolerans sorusudur.","Retinolle kullanabilir miyim?",{"a":129,"q":130},"Deve dikeni, kanaryaotu, papatya ve aynısefayla aynı botanik familyadandır ve çapraz tepki olabilir. Yama testi yapın ve bilinen bitki alerjinizi hekiminize söyleyin.","Kanaryaotuna alerjim varsa güvenli mi?",{"does":132,"for_whom":133,"red_flags":134},"Deve dikeni tohumundan gelen bir flavonolignan grubu; antioksidan olarak kullanılır ve C vitamini formüllerinin istediği düşük pH koşullarında kararlı kalır.","Antioksidan örtü ekleyen yağlı ya da sivilceye yatkın ciltler ve asidik bir serumda dayanan bitkisel bir bileşen isteyenler.","İnsanda haricî çalışmaların neredeyse tamamı onu çok bileşenli bir formülün parçası olarak içerir; kendi katkısı ayrıştırılmamıştır. Deve dikeninin ünü ağızdan karaciğer araştırmalarından gelir ve bu, cilt hakkında hiçbir şey söylemez.","Silimarin","\u003Ch2>Nasıl çalışır\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Silimarin tek bir molekül değil, deve dikeni tohumundan çekilen bir flavonolignan karışımıdır; en büyük ve en çok çalışılmış kesri genellikle silibindir. Tedarikçiler bildirilen bir silimarin içeriğine göre standardize eder, özütler birbirinden farklıdır ve bitkiyi adlandıran iki ürün zorunlu olarak karşılaştırılabilir değildir.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kozmetik ilgi sıradan antioksidan kimyasıdır: ultraviyole ve hava kirliliğinin ürettiği reaktif türleri süpürmek. Üstüne iki yararlı formülasyon özelliği eklenir. Yağda çözünür, dolayısıyla lipit peroksidasyonunun gerçekleştiği lipit fazında durur; ve saf askorbik asit serumlarının gerektirdiği asidik, düşük pH ortamında kararlıdır — pek çok bitkisel bileşenin olmadığı bir yerde.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Kanıtlar\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Bitkinin ünü, karaciğer hasarı üzerine onlarca yıllık ağızdan araştırmadan gelir. O çalışmalar farklı bir uygulama yolu ve farklı bir organ hakkındadır; ciltte ne olduğu konusunda bilgi taşımaz. Bunu bilinçli olarak ayırmakta yarar var, çünkü ambalajlar bunu neredeyse hiç yapmaz.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Haricî kayıt daha küçüktür. Ultraviyolenin yol açtığı oksidatif hasarda azalma bildiren laboratuvar çalışmaları ve silimarini C vitamini ile ferulik asidin yanında içeren antioksidan serumlar üzerine klinik çalışmalar vardır; bazıları sivilcelerde, kızarıklıkta ve cilt kalitesinde iyileşme bildirir. Bunlar bir formülün bütününe ait sonuçlardır. Silimarinin tek başına katkısı ayrıştırılmamıştır ve sonucu ona yazan her özet verinin ötesine geçer.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Kimler için\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Yağlı ve sivilceye yatkın ciltler; onu içeren formüller genelde buraya nişan alır\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Antioksidan rutinler, özellikle kararlı kaldığı asidik C vitamini serumları\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Hassas cilt: asit ya da retinoit değildir, alışma dönemi istemez\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Akne ya da rozase tedavisi değildir; bunlar sınanmış tedavileri olan klinik sorunlardır\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Ch2>Derişim\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Haricî kullanım için belirlenmemiştir. Bitmiş formüller nadiren açıklar, çalışmalar bir eşikte buluşmaz; bu yüzden burada bir rakam verilmiyor. Etikette asıl önemli değişken standardizasyondur: silimarin içeriğini bildiren bir özüt size bir şey söyler, çıplak bir bitki adı söylemez ve iki böyle özüt arasındaki fark kat kat olabilir.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Çakışmalar ve birliktelikler\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Belgelenmiş çakışma yok. Olağan arkadaşları C vitamini ve ferulik asittir; bu grup, üyelerinin birbirini yenilediği ve koruduğu bir antioksidan ağ gibi davranır ve düşük pH ona uyar. Yağda çözündüğü için suda çözünen antioksidanları kopyalamak yerine tamamlar. Işığa duyarlılık yapmaz, retinoitler ya da asitlerle takvim çakışması yoktur. Papatyagiller familyasındaki bitkilere bilinen alerjisi olanlar, ona da papatya ya da aynısefaya gösterecekleri dikkatle yaklaşmalıdır.\u003C\u002Fp>","Silimarin: asidik antioksidan serumlarda kullanılan deve dikeni flavonolignanları, karaciğer araştırmasının neden ilgisiz olduğu ve haricî kanıtlar.","2026-08-29T00:00:00.000000Z","2026-08-31T03:00:03.000000Z","2026-08-31T00:55:09.000000Z",[],[],[144,147],{"slug":145,"title":146},"vitamin-c","Vitamin C",{"slug":148,"title":149},"ferulic-acid","Ferulic Acid",[151,154,157],{"slug":152,"title":153},"quercetin","Quercetin",{"slug":155,"title":156},"tocopherol","Vitamin E (Tocopherol)",{"slug":158,"title":159},"egcg","EGCG (Green Tea)",[161,167,171,177,182,186,191,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,230,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,274,278,284,288,292,296,300,304,307,311,314,319,323,327,331,335,338,342,346,349,353,357,362,366,370,374,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,413,417,421,425,430,435,439,443,447,451,455,459,463,468,472,476,480,483,487,491,495,499,503,507,511,516,521,525,529,533,536,539,544,547,552,555,558,561,564,567,572,576,579,582,586,589,593,596,600,603,606,609,612,615,620,624,628,631,634,638,643,646,649,652,655,658,661,664,667,670,674,677,680,683,686,690,693,696,699,702,705,708,711,714,717,720,723,728,732,735,738,741,746,749,753,757,760,763,766,769,773,776,779,782,785,788,791,795,799,802,805,808,811,814,817,820,823,826,830,833,837,840,844,847,850,854,858,861,864,868,872,875,878,881,884,887,890,894,897,900,903,908,911,914,917,920,925,928,931,934,937,940,943,946,949,952,956,959,962,965,968,971,974,977,981,984,988,993,997,1000,1004,1008,1011,1014,1017,1021,1024,1027,1030,1033,1036,1039,1042,1046,1049,1052,1055,1058,1061,1064,1068,1071,1075,1079,1082,1085,1089,1092,1096,1099,1103,1106,1109,1112,1116,1119,1123,1127,1130,1133,1136,1140,1143,1147,1150,1154,1158,1161,1164,1168],{"slug":162,"category":163,"title":164,"meta_description":165,"updated_at":166},"111skin","formulation","111Skin","111Skin: the British luxury skincare brand founded by a London plastic surgeon, known for its sheet masks, antioxidant complex and premium price.","2026-08-05T14:31:43+00:00",{"slug":168,"category":163,"title":169,"meta_description":170,"updated_at":166},"3ce","3CE (3 Concept Eyes)","3CE (3 Concept Eyes): the Korean colour cosmetics brand from Stylenanda, known for velvet lip tints, mood palettes and editorial packaging.",{"slug":172,"category":173,"title":174,"meta_description":175,"updated_at":176},"500-dalton-rule","skin-science","500 Dalton Rule","The 500 Dalton rule: why molecules much above 500 daltons rarely cross intact skin, what it explains about collagen creams, and why it is a guide and not a law.","2026-09-03T03:00:03+00:00",{"slug":178,"category":179,"title":180,"meta_description":181,"updated_at":166},"7-skin-method","routine","7-skin method","The 7-skin method: patting several thin layers of a hydrating toner into the skin instead of one heavy layer, then sealing with moisturiser.",{"slug":183,"category":163,"title":184,"meta_description":185,"updated_at":166},"acetone-free-remover","Acetone-free remover","Acetone-free remover: nail polish remover built on milder solvents than acetone — slower to work, but usually less drying to nails and skin.",{"slug":187,"category":188,"title":189,"meta_description":190,"updated_at":166},"acetyl-hexapeptide-8","actives","Acetyl hexapeptide-8","Acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline): a synthetic peptide used for the look of expression lines. Effects are subtle, gradual and cosmetic only.",{"slug":192,"category":173,"title":193,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"acid-mantle","Acid Mantle",{"slug":195,"category":173,"title":196,"meta_description":197,"updated_at":166},"acidic-mantle-protection","Acid mantle protection","Acid mantle protection: keeping the skin's slightly acidic surface film intact with gentle low-pH cleansing and fewer active products at once.",{"slug":26,"category":199,"title":200,"meta_description":201,"updated_at":166},"concerns","Acne","Acne: pores blocked by sebum and dead skin cells, often inflamed. Gentle care, one active at a time, and a dermatologist for severe cases.",{"slug":203,"category":163,"title":204,"meta_description":205,"updated_at":166},"acne-cream","Acne cream","Acne cream: an anti-acne active in a richer, emollient base that is gentler on dry or sensitive skin than a gel. Pair it with daily sunscreen.",{"slug":207,"category":163,"title":208,"meta_description":209,"updated_at":166},"acne-gel","Acne gel","Acne gel: a light, fast-absorbing base carrying an anti-acne active, suited to oily skin. Start slowly and always pair it with daily sunscreen.",{"slug":211,"category":163,"title":212,"meta_description":213,"updated_at":166},"acne-patch","Acne patch","Acne patch: a hydrocolloid sticker that absorbs fluid and stops picking. Useful on open whiteheads, but not a treatment for acne itself.",{"slug":215,"category":199,"title":216,"meta_description":217,"updated_at":166},"acne-scars","Acne scars","Acne scars: lasting texture change from dermal damage, unlike flat post-acne marks. Prevention and in-clinic options matter most here.",{"slug":219,"category":179,"title":220,"meta_description":221,"updated_at":166},"acne-skincare-routine","Acne skincare routine","Acne skincare routine: gentle cleansing, one active, a light moisturiser and daily sunscreen — introduced slowly and judged over several weeks.",{"slug":223,"category":199,"title":224,"meta_description":225,"updated_at":166},"actinic-keratosis","Actinic keratosis","Actinic keratosis: a rough, scaly patch from long-term sun exposure. A medical condition — have persistent lesions checked by a doctor.",{"slug":227,"category":163,"title":228,"meta_description":229,"updated_at":166},"activated-charcoal","Activated charcoal","Activated charcoal: a porous carbon in masks and cleansers that adsorbs surface oil. What it can realistically do for pores, and what it cannot.",{"slug":231,"category":179,"title":232,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"actives-rotation","Actives Rotation",{"slug":234,"category":188,"title":235,"meta_description":236,"updated_at":166},"adapalene","Adapalene","Adapalene: a synthetic retinoid for acne that acts on how pores shed cells. How it is used, the adjustment period, and its key safety caveats.",{"slug":238,"category":188,"title":239,"meta_description":240,"updated_at":166},"adapalene-gel","Adapalene gel","Adapalene gel: the light, water-based form of the acne retinoid adapalene. How the vehicle differs from cream, how it is applied, and what to watch.",{"slug":242,"category":163,"title":243,"meta_description":244,"updated_at":166},"aesop","Aesop","Aesop: the Australian botanical skincare brand explained — its aromatic, essential-oil-led formulas and what that means for fragrance-sensitive skin.",{"slug":246,"category":163,"title":247,"meta_description":248,"updated_at":166},"aestura","Aestura","Aestura: the Korean dermocosmetic brand known for ceramide barrier moisturisers — how the formulas are built and where cosmetics stop and medicine starts.",{"slug":250,"category":179,"title":251,"meta_description":252,"updated_at":166},"after-sun-care","After-sun care","After-sun care: cooling, rehydrating and barrier support after UV exposure — what it can realistically do, what to pause, and when to see a doctor.",{"slug":254,"category":163,"title":255,"meta_description":256,"updated_at":166},"after-sun-gel","After-sun gel","After-sun gel: the light aloe-and-water texture used after sun exposure. What is in it, why gel alone is rarely enough, and when to avoid it.",{"slug":258,"category":163,"title":259,"meta_description":260,"updated_at":166},"aftershave-balm","Aftershave balm","Aftershave balm: a leave-on lotion for freshly shaved skin. How it differs from an alcohol splash, what is in it, and what to avoid after shaving.",{"slug":262,"category":199,"title":263,"meta_description":264,"updated_at":166},"age-spots","Age spots","Age spots (solar lentigines): flat dark patches left by years of UV exposure. How they form, which routine steps help their look, and when to see a doctor.",{"slug":266,"category":199,"title":267,"meta_description":268,"updated_at":166},"aging-skin","Aging skin","Aging skin: how intrinsic and sun-driven change affects firmness, texture and tone, which routine steps matter most, and the cautions to keep in mind.",{"slug":270,"category":163,"title":271,"meta_description":272,"updated_at":273},"airless-packaging","Airless Packaging","Airless packaging: how piston and pouch systems keep oxygen out, which ingredients actually need it, and when it is decoration rather than protection.","2026-08-31T03:00:03+00:00",{"slug":275,"category":163,"title":276,"meta_description":277,"updated_at":166},"alastin","Alastin","Alastin: a US clinic-distributed professional skincare brand. What physician-dispensed cosmeceutical ranges are, and how to read them without brand hype.",{"slug":279,"category":280,"title":281,"meta_description":282,"updated_at":283},"allergen-declaration","safety","Allergen declaration","Allergen declaration: why fragrance allergens like linalool or limonene are listed by name after parfum, what the rule means, and what it does not mean.","2026-08-13T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":285,"category":280,"title":286,"meta_description":287,"updated_at":283},"allergen-free","Allergen-free","Allergen-free: an unregulated claim that means different things on different packs. What it usually excludes and why the INCI list is a better check.",{"slug":289,"category":163,"title":290,"meta_description":291,"updated_at":166},"aloe-barbadensis","Aloe Barbadensis","Aloe Barbadensis: the INCI root behind aloe leaf juice, extract and water. What each form means on a label and why raw plant sap is not the same thing.",{"slug":293,"category":179,"title":294,"meta_description":295,"updated_at":166},"aloe-vera-after-sun","Aloe vera after sun","Aloe vera after sun: aloe-based gels used to cool and soothe skin after sun exposure. A comfort step only, not a treatment for a sunburn.",{"slug":297,"category":199,"title":298,"meta_description":299,"updated_at":166},"alopecia","Alopecia","Alopecia: the medical umbrella term for hair loss, covering pattern loss, areata, telogen effluvium and traction. Diagnosis belongs with a doctor.",{"slug":301,"category":188,"title":302,"meta_description":303,"updated_at":166},"alpha-arbutin","Alpha arbutin","Alpha arbutin: a water-soluble ingredient that gradually evens the look of dark spots by acting on tyrosinase. Daily sunscreen is essential with it.",{"slug":305,"category":188,"title":306,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"alpha-hydroxy-acids","Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)",{"slug":308,"category":179,"title":309,"meta_description":310,"updated_at":166},"althea-korea","Althea Korea","Althea Korea: an online retailer shipping K-beauty products from Korea. Where you buy affects authenticity, freshness and which labelling rules apply.",{"slug":312,"category":179,"title":313,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"am-routine","Morning Skincare Routine",{"slug":315,"category":179,"title":316,"meta_description":317,"updated_at":318},"amika","Amika","Amika: an American haircare brand covering shampoo, conditioner, styling and heat protection. Why haircare ingredients matter for scalp and skin.","2026-08-06T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":320,"category":163,"title":321,"meta_description":322,"updated_at":166},"amino-acid-complex","Amino acid complex","Amino acid complex: a blend of amino acids used as humectants for hydration and conditioning. A marketing label — check the actual ingredient list.",{"slug":324,"category":173,"title":325,"meta_description":326,"updated_at":166},"amino-acids","Amino acids","Amino acids: protein building blocks and a key part of skin's natural moisturising factor, used topically as humectants and conditioning agents.",{"slug":328,"category":179,"title":329,"meta_description":330,"updated_at":318},"amorepacific","Amorepacific","Amorepacific: the South Korean beauty group behind brands like Sulwhasoo, Laneige and Innisfree, and a driver of K-beauty routines worldwide.",{"slug":332,"category":179,"title":333,"meta_description":334,"updated_at":318},"amorepacific-mall","Amorepacific Mall","Amorepacific Mall: the Korean beauty group’s official online store, and why buying through official channels makes batch codes and INCI easier to check.",{"slug":336,"category":163,"title":337,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"ampoule","Ampoule",{"slug":339,"category":179,"title":340,"meta_description":341,"updated_at":318},"amuse","Amuse","Amuse: the South Korean makeup brand built around vegan formulation, what a vegan claim actually covers, and how it differs from cruelty-free.",{"slug":343,"category":179,"title":344,"meta_description":345,"updated_at":318},"anastasia-beverly-hills","Anastasia Beverly Hills","Anastasia Beverly Hills: the US brow-led makeup brand, where the brow-first technique comes from, and how to remove long-wear eye products gently.",{"slug":347,"category":163,"title":348,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"anhydrous","Anhydrous",{"slug":350,"category":163,"title":351,"meta_description":352,"updated_at":166},"animal-derived-ingredients","Animal-Derived Ingredients","Animal-derived ingredients: lanolin, beeswax, carmine, silk and more — why the INCI name rarely reveals the source, and how vegan differs from cruelty-free.",{"slug":354,"category":188,"title":355,"meta_description":356,"updated_at":166},"anthocyanins","Anthocyanins","Anthocyanins: the flavonoid pigments behind berry and purple-plant colour, how they act as antioxidants in the lab, and why they are pH- and light-sensitive.",{"slug":358,"category":179,"title":359,"meta_description":360,"updated_at":361},"anti-aging-routine","Anti-Aging Routine","Anti-aging routine: sunscreen, barrier care, an antioxidant and a retinoid — how to build it slowly, and the caveats around irritation and pregnancy.","2026-08-07T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":363,"category":163,"title":364,"meta_description":365,"updated_at":166},"anti-aging-serum","Anti-Aging Serum","Anti-aging serum: which ingredients actually recur on the label, where the step sits in a routine, and why layering several strong serums backfires.",{"slug":367,"category":163,"title":368,"meta_description":369,"updated_at":166},"anti-frizz-serum","Anti-Frizz Serum","Anti-frizz serum: why the hair cuticle causes frizz, how silicones and oils form a smoothing film, and how to apply it without weighing hair down.",{"slug":371,"category":179,"title":372,"meta_description":373,"updated_at":361},"anti-pollution-skincare","Anti-Pollution Skincare","Anti-pollution skincare: what the unregulated claim covers, why cleansing, antioxidants and sunscreen do the real work, and where to stay sceptical.",{"slug":7,"category":188,"title":375,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":166},"Antioxidant",{"slug":377,"category":163,"title":378,"meta_description":379,"updated_at":166},"antioxidant-complex","Antioxidant complex","Antioxidant complex: a blend of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and ferulic acid, formulated to broaden coverage and keep the formula stable.",{"slug":381,"category":163,"title":382,"meta_description":383,"updated_at":166},"antioxidant-serum","Antioxidant serum","Antioxidant serum: a lightweight leave-on step with vitamin C, vitamin E or niacinamide, usually worn in the morning under moisturiser and sunscreen.",{"slug":385,"category":179,"title":386,"meta_description":387,"updated_at":361},"anua","Anua","Anua: South Korean skincare brand known for heartleaf (Houttuynia cordata) toners, essences and cleansing oils aimed at oily, blemish-prone skin.",{"slug":389,"category":173,"title":390,"meta_description":391,"updated_at":166},"apocrine-glands","Apocrine glands","Apocrine glands: sweat glands in the underarms, groin and areolae that empty into hair follicles; their secretion gains odour once skin bacteria act on it.",{"slug":393,"category":179,"title":394,"meta_description":395,"updated_at":361},"aquaphor","Aquaphor","Aquaphor: a petrolatum-based ointment used as an occlusive layer over dry or chapped skin and as the final sealing step in slugging routines.",{"slug":397,"category":163,"title":398,"meta_description":399,"updated_at":166},"aquatic-fragrance","Aquatic fragrance","Aquatic fragrance: the marine, ozonic scent family built on molecules such as calone — a sensory choice in cosmetics, not a skincare benefit.",{"slug":401,"category":179,"title":402,"meta_description":403,"updated_at":361},"armani-beauty","Armani Beauty","Armani Beauty: the Giorgio Armani cosmetics, fragrance and skincare line produced under licence by L'Oréal Luxe, known for complexion makeup.",{"slug":405,"category":188,"title":406,"meta_description":407,"updated_at":166},"artemisia","Artemisia (mugwort)","Artemisia (mugwort): a botanical extract common in Korean soothing skincare; it belongs to the Asteraceae family, so patch test if you react to ragweed.",{"slug":409,"category":179,"title":410,"meta_description":411,"updated_at":412},"as-i-am","As I Am","As I Am: a US textured-hair and scalp care brand known for co-washing cleansing conditioners and moisture-focused curl products for coily hair.","2026-08-09T03:15:02+00:00",{"slug":414,"category":188,"title":415,"meta_description":416,"updated_at":166},"ascorbyl-palmitate","Ascorbyl palmitate","Ascorbyl palmitate: an oil-soluble vitamin C ester used mostly to protect oils in a formula; evidence for skin brightening is limited compared with others.",{"slug":418,"category":179,"title":419,"meta_description":420,"updated_at":412},"at-home-microdermabrasion","At-home microdermabrasion","At-home microdermabrasion: consumer devices that buff surface skin cells with an abrasive tip and light suction — gentler than the clinic version.",{"slug":422,"category":179,"title":423,"meta_description":424,"updated_at":412},"at-home-peel","At-home peel","At-home peel: a consumer acid exfoliating treatment with AHAs or BHAs, gentler than a professional peel. Space it out, patch test and wear daily SPF.",{"slug":426,"category":179,"title":427,"meta_description":428,"updated_at":429},"at-home-rf-device","At-home RF device","At-home RF device: a handheld radiofrequency tool that warms skin for firmness claims. Evidence is modest and there are real contraindications.","2026-08-10T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":431,"category":199,"title":432,"meta_description":433,"updated_at":434},"atopic-dermatitis","Atopic dermatitis","Atopic dermatitis (eczema): a chronic inflammatory condition with a weakened barrier and itchy flares. Emollients support care; treatment needs a doctor.","2026-08-05T14:31:44+00:00",{"slug":436,"category":179,"title":437,"meta_description":438,"updated_at":429},"augustinus-bader","Augustinus Bader","Augustinus Bader: luxury skincare brand built around the trademarked TFC8 complex, best known for The Cream and The Rich Cream moisturisers.",{"slug":440,"category":179,"title":441,"meta_description":442,"updated_at":429},"aveda","Aveda","Aveda: US salon hair, scalp and body care brand owned by Estée Lauder, known for plant-derived ingredients and its aromatic essential-oil scents.",{"slug":444,"category":179,"title":445,"meta_description":446,"updated_at":429},"aveeno","Aveeno","Aveeno: US skin and hair care brand built on colloidal oatmeal, widely used in body care for dry, itchy and eczema-prone skin. Read each label.",{"slug":448,"category":179,"title":449,"meta_description":450,"updated_at":429},"avene","Avène","Avène: a French pharmacy skincare brand built on thermal spring water, with minimalist, often fragrance-free formulas aimed at sensitive, reactive skin.",{"slug":452,"category":163,"title":453,"meta_description":454,"updated_at":434},"avocado-oil","Avocado oil","Avocado oil (Persea gratissima oil): a rich, oleic-acid-heavy plant oil used as an emollient in creams, balms and hair masks for dry or rough skin.",{"slug":456,"category":280,"title":457,"meta_description":458,"updated_at":283},"b-corp-certified","B Corp Certified","B Corp Certified: a B Lab certification of a company's social and environmental performance — not a product safety, efficacy or cruelty-free claim.",{"slug":460,"category":173,"title":461,"meta_description":462,"updated_at":434},"baby-hairs","Baby hairs","Baby hairs: the short, fine strands along the hairline and nape — natural, often regrowth, and easily stressed by heavy gel and tight styles.",{"slug":464,"category":179,"title":465,"meta_description":466,"updated_at":467},"baby-skincare","Baby skincare","Baby skincare: infant skin is thinner and still developing, so keep it minimal — gentle cleansing, fragrance-free moisturiser and shade over sunscreen.","2026-08-11T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":469,"category":199,"title":470,"meta_description":471,"updated_at":434},"bacne","Bacne","Bacne: acne on the back, shoulders and chest, driven by sebum, friction and sweat — helped by prompt showering and body washes with acne ingredients.",{"slug":473,"category":179,"title":474,"meta_description":475,"updated_at":467},"baking","Baking","Baking: pressing a thick layer of loose powder onto the face, letting it sit, then dusting it off for a matte, crease-resistant, long-wearing finish.",{"slug":477,"category":163,"title":478,"meta_description":479,"updated_at":434},"baking-powder","Baking powder (makeup)","Baking powder in makeup means finely milled loose setting powder for baking — not culinary baking powder, which is alkaline and not for use on skin.",{"slug":481,"category":163,"title":482,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":434},"balm-cleanser","Cleansing Balm",{"slug":484,"category":179,"title":485,"meta_description":486,"updated_at":467},"banila-co","Banila Co","Banila Co: South Korean beauty brand known for the Clean It Zero cleansing balm, plus base makeup, sun care and everyday skincare formulas.",{"slug":488,"category":163,"title":489,"meta_description":490,"updated_at":434},"bar-soap","Bar soap","Bar soap: solid cleanser. Traditional saponified soap is alkaline, while syndet bars use milder surfactants at a pH closer to that of skin.",{"slug":492,"category":179,"title":493,"meta_description":494,"updated_at":467},"bare-faced-movement","Bare-faced movement","Bare-faced movement: the cultural trend towards little or no makeup, overlapping with skinimalism and the pushback against filtered skin images.",{"slug":496,"category":163,"title":497,"meta_description":498,"updated_at":434},"barrier-cream","Barrier cream","Barrier cream: a rich, occlusive moisturiser that shields skin from water, friction and detergents while slowing transepidermal water loss.",{"slug":500,"category":199,"title":501,"meta_description":502,"updated_at":434},"barrier-cream-for-eczema","Barrier cream for eczema","Barrier cream for eczema: thick, fragrance-free emollients used daily alongside prescribed treatment to protect eczema-prone skin from triggers.",{"slug":504,"category":179,"title":505,"meta_description":506,"updated_at":467},"barrier-first-routine","Barrier-first routine","Barrier-first routine: build a regimen around gentle cleansing, moisturiser and daily sunscreen, adding actives slowly once skin is comfortable.",{"slug":508,"category":173,"title":509,"meta_description":510,"updated_at":434},"barrier-impairment","Barrier impairment","Barrier impairment: when the skin's outer layer loses water more easily and lets irritants in, causing tightness, stinging, flaking and redness.",{"slug":512,"category":179,"title":513,"meta_description":514,"updated_at":515},"barrier-occlusive-therapy","Barrier occlusive therapy","Occlusive therapy: covering skin with an ointment or balm to slow water loss and support repair — the deliberate, clinical relative of slugging.","2026-08-12T03:15:01+00:00",{"slug":517,"category":179,"title":518,"meta_description":519,"updated_at":520},"barrier-repair","Barrier Repair","Barrier repair: what to stop, what to replace it with, and how long recovery actually takes before actives can come back.","2026-08-22T03:00:02+00:00",{"slug":522,"category":163,"title":523,"meta_description":524,"updated_at":434},"barrier-repair-complex","Barrier repair complex","Barrier repair complex: the ceramide, cholesterol and fatty acid blend in a formula meant to replenish skin's own barrier lipids and hold water in.",{"slug":526,"category":163,"title":527,"meta_description":528,"updated_at":434},"barrier-repair-cream","Barrier repair cream","Barrier repair cream: a moisturiser combining humectants, ceramides and occlusives to help restore a stressed skin barrier and slow water loss.",{"slug":530,"category":163,"title":531,"meta_description":532,"updated_at":434},"barrier-repair-cream-k-beauty","K-beauty barrier repair cream","K-beauty barrier repair cream: lighter gel-cream textures with ceramides plus centella, panthenol or heartleaf, worn at the end of a layered routine.",{"slug":534,"category":179,"title":535,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":434},"barrier-repair-routine","Barrier Repair Routine",{"slug":537,"category":188,"title":538,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":434},"beta-hydroxy-acid","Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA)",{"slug":540,"category":199,"title":541,"meta_description":542,"updated_at":543},"blackhead","Blackhead","Blackhead: an open comedone that oxidised dark, not trapped dirt — how to tell one from a sebaceous filament, and what actually clears it.","2026-08-20T03:00:03+00:00",{"slug":545,"category":199,"title":546,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":434},"blackheads","Blackheads (Open Comedones)",{"slug":548,"category":173,"title":549,"meta_description":550,"updated_at":551},"blue-light-and-skin","Blue light and skin","Blue light and skin: what visible light really does to pigmentation, why screens are not the problem, and when a tinted sunscreen is the 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works.",{"slug":1069,"category":179,"title":1070,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"slugging","Slugging",{"slug":1072,"category":163,"title":1073,"meta_description":1074,"updated_at":992},"soaping-effect","Soaping Effect","The soaping effect: why some creams and sunscreens turn white and foamy mid-application, what makes it worse, and how it differs from a white cast or pilling.",{"slug":1076,"category":163,"title":1077,"meta_description":1078,"updated_at":992},"soft-focus-effect","Soft-Focus Effect","Soft focus: how scattered light fills the shadow that makes a line visible, why the effect is real but temporary, and how to read a blurring claim.",{"slug":1080,"category":163,"title":1081,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":575},"solubilizer","Solubilizer",{"slug":1083,"category":280,"title":1084,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"spf","SPF (Sun Protection Factor)",{"slug":1086,"category":280,"title":1087,"meta_description":1088,"updated_at":745},"spf-50-vs-30","SPF 50 vs SPF 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help.",{"slug":1104,"category":199,"title":1105,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"sun-damage","Sun Damage",{"slug":1107,"category":163,"title":1108,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"sunscreen","Sunscreen",{"slug":1110,"category":179,"title":1111,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"sunscreen-reapplication","Sunscreen Reapplication",{"slug":1113,"category":199,"title":1114,"meta_description":1115,"updated_at":924},"sunspots","Sunspots","Sunspots: how they differ from melasma and freckles, the realistic topical timeline, and the change that means seeing a dermatologist.",{"slug":1117,"category":163,"title":1118,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"surfactant","Surfactant",{"slug":1120,"category":199,"title":1121,"meta_description":1122,"updated_at":924},"tech-neck","Tech Neck","Tech neck: posture contributes, but thin skin and skipped sunscreen do more — what topicals soften and what they cannot erase.",{"slug":1124,"category":163,"title":1125,"meta_description":1126,"updated_at":571},"tinted-sunscreen","Tinted Sunscreen","Tinted sunscreen: the iron oxides that cancel white cast also block visible light, which is why it outperforms untinted SPF on melasma.",{"slug":1128,"category":163,"title":1129,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"toner","Toner",{"slug":1131,"category":173,"title":1132,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"transepidermal-water-loss","Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL)",{"slug":1134,"category":188,"title":1135,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"tretinoin","Tretinoin",{"slug":1137,"category":179,"title":1138,"meta_description":1139,"updated_at":727},"two-finger-rule","Two-Finger Rule","The two-finger rule: where the sunscreen quantity comes from, why under-applying costs more protection than it seems to, and where the rule stops.",{"slug":1141,"category":188,"title":1142,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"tyrosinase-inhibitor","Tyrosinase Inhibitor",{"slug":1144,"category":199,"title":1145,"meta_description":1146,"updated_at":924},"undereye-bags","Under-eye Bags","Under-eye bags: fluid retention versus the orbital fat pad, how to tell which one you have, and the honest limit of what any eye cream can move.",{"slug":1148,"category":188,"title":1149,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"vitamin-c-derivatives","Vitamin C Derivatives",{"slug":1151,"category":163,"title":1152,"meta_description":1153,"updated_at":571},"vitamin-c-oxidation","Vitamin C Oxidation","Vitamin C oxidation: what the yellow-to-brown colour change actually means for potency, and which of the storage rules are worth following.",{"slug":1155,"category":163,"title":1156,"meta_description":1157,"updated_at":571},"wash-off-mask","Wash-off Mask","Wash-off mask: why the rinse lets it carry a stronger dose than a leave-on product, what each type actually does, and why letting clay dry fully backfires.",{"slug":1159,"category":163,"title":1160,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"water-cream","Water Cream",{"slug":1162,"category":179,"title":1163,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":515},"white-cast","White Cast",{"slug":1165,"category":199,"title":1166,"meta_description":1167,"updated_at":520},"whitehead","Whitehead","Whitehead: a sealed comedone that never oxidises — why it is more stubborn than a blackhead, and why squeezing one leaves a mark for months.",{"slug":1169,"category":199,"title":1170,"meta_description":16,"updated_at":843},"whiteheads","Whiteheads (Closed Comedones)",[26,800,25,1172,24,1173,1174,1175,1176],"dryness","dullness","uneven_texture","enlarged_pores","irritation"]