Sunscreen

Sunscreen is a topical product that reduces the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the skin, using filters that absorb, scatter, or reflect UV energy. It is measured mainly by SPF, which indicates protection against UVB, while a broad-spectrum label signals meaningful coverage of longer UVA wavelengths as well.

UV exposure is a leading driver of premature skin ageing and a recognised risk factor for skin cancer. By limiting how much UV penetrates, sunscreen helps prevent sunburn, cumulative photoaging such as wrinkling and uneven tone, and the worsening of pigmentation concerns like melasma. This makes daily use one of the most evidence-supported steps in a preventive routine, and it also protects skin that has been sensitised by exfoliating acids or retinoids.

Filters fall broadly into two groups. Mineral filters (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) sit largely on the surface and are often chosen for sensitive or reactive skin. Organic (so-called chemical) filters absorb UV and convert it to heat, and tend to feel lighter. Many modern products blend both.

• Apply generously as the last step of morning skincare; thin layers underperform their stated SPF.
• Reapply across the day with prolonged sun, sweating, or swimming.
• Broad-spectrum coverage matters as much as a high SPF number.

No sunscreen blocks all UV, so it works best combined with shade, clothing, and timing rather than treated as a licence for unlimited exposure. Product feel and finish strongly influence whether it is actually used consistently, which is why the best sunscreen is often the one a person will reapply.