Photoaging

Photoaging is premature skin ageing caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, distinct from the natural ageing that happens with time alone.

Repeated UV exposure breaks down collagen and elastin, the proteins that give skin its firmness and elasticity, and disrupts normal pigment production. Over years, this shows up as fine lines and deeper wrinkles, loss of firmness, a leathery or rough texture, uneven tone, and dark spots. Because sunlight drives it, photoaging appears most on areas that get the most exposure, such as the face, neck and backs of the hands, and it is thought to account for a large share of visible facial ageing.

The most valuable step is limiting further UV exposure so existing changes do not deepen.

• Broad-spectrum sun protection every day is the cornerstone of both prevention and maintenance.
• Retinoids are widely studied for supporting cell turnover and the look of lines and uneven tone.
• Antioxidants can complement sun protection by helping neutralise free radicals generated by UV.

Skincare can improve and slow the visible signs but cannot fully reverse structural change, and consistency over months matters more than any single product. For significant concerns, a dermatologist can advise on stronger prescription or in-clinic options and set realistic expectations.